| Strain number | NIES-104 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phylum | Cyanophyta | |||
| Class | Cyanophyceae | |||
| Scientific name | Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Lemmermann | |||
| Synonym | Microcystis ichthyoblabe Kützing; Microcystis novacekii (Komárek) Compère; Microcystis viridis (A.Brown) Lemmermann; Microcystis wesenbergii Komárek | |||
| Former name | Microcystis wesenbergii Komárek | |||
| Common name | Blue-green alga ; Cyanobacteria | |||
| Locality (Date of collection) | The Imperial Palace, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (1982-11-**) | |||
| Latitude / Longitude | 35.681958 / 139.755369 | |||
| Habitat (Isolation source) | Freshwater (Moat water) | |||
| History | < Watanabe, Makoto M. | |||
| Isolator (Date of isolation) | Watanabe, Michiko H. (1982-11-**) | |||
| Identified by | Watanabe, Michiko H. | |||
| State of strain | Cryopreservation; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic | |||
|
Culture condition (Preculture condition) |
Medium:
CB
;
MA
Temperature: 25 C Light intensity: 13-16 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle: 10L:14D Duration: 1 M |
|||
| Gene information | 16S rRNA ( LC557461 AB023266 AJ133174 ) , 23S rRNA ( LC557462 ) , ftsZ ( AB324860 ) , gyrB ( AB325097 ) , glnA ( AB324939 ) , gyrB ( AB014989 ) , gltX ( AB325018 ) , pgi ( AB325176 ) , recA ( AB325255 ) , tpi ( AB325334 ) | |||
| Cell size (min - max) | - 5 μm | |||
| Organization | ||||
| Characteristics | Cyanobacterial water bloom (aoko) ; ST11 (Tanabe et al. 2007) | |||
| Other strain no. | Other strain no. : MW-H1 | |||
| Remarks | Cryopreserved; Axenic | |||
| Movie | ||||
| Reference |
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Asukabe, H., Akahori, S., Ueno, E., Nakayama, T., Yamashita, R., Arii, S., Harada, K., Imanishi, S. Y.
2020
Cyanobacterial classification with the toxicity using MALDI Biotyper.
J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.,
31,
1572-1578.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; MALDI Biotyper; microcystins; profiling Strain(s): 27, 39, 42, 73, 81, 87, 89, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 111, 112, 207, 208, 230, 266, 298, 416, 433, 478, 510, 512, 515, 592, 593, 604, 611, 808, 809, 835, 843, 846, 847, 905, 928, 931, 932, 945, 981, 989, 1025, 1043, 1058, 1061, 1064, 1068, 1069, 1071, 1076, 1085, 1099, 1101, 1105, 1113, 1115, 1126, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1144, 1157, 1215, 1642, 1643, 1652, 1668, 1672, 1673, 1677, 1678, 1698, 2087, 2131, 2412, 2665, 3708, 3733, 3734, 3736, 3755, 3756, 3757 PubMed: 32501712 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00148 Tanabe, Y., Hodoki, Y., Sano, T., Tada, K., Watanabe, MM. 2018a Adaptation of the freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to brackish water is driven by recent horizontal transfer of sucrose genes. Front. Microbiol., 9, 1150 (article ID). Keywords: Microcystis; bloom; salt tolerance; sucrose; genomics; brackish water; horizontal gene trasnfer; ecotype Strain(s): 44, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 112, 298, 299, 478, 604, 843, 901, 1050, 1052, 1059, 1063, 1067, 1069, 1070, 1075, 1076, 1085, 1093, 1094, 1098, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1122, 1128, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1134, 1139, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1150, 1170, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1179, 1181, 1183, 1185, 1211, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1232, 1234, 1238, 1239, 1252, 2088, 2090, 2091, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2494, 2495, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2592, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2628, 2629, 4234 PubMed: 29922255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01150 Sun, L.W., Jiang, W.J., Sato, H., Kawachi, M., Lu, X.W. 2016 Rapid classification and identification of Microcystis aeruginosa strains using MALDI-TOF MS and polygenetic analysis. PLoS One, 11, e0156275 (article ID). Strain(s): 44, 87, 88, 89, 90, 100, 101, 104, 105, 107, 109, 111, 112, 478, 604, 843, 901, 1043, 1053, 1058, 1061, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1076, 1077, 1085, 1094, 1099, 1101, 1104, 1105, 1113, 1115, 1126, 1134, 1135, 1144, 1151, 1157, 1170, 1211, 1213, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1222, 1224, 1230, 1232, 1233, 1239 PubMed: 27227555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156275 Tanabe, Y. & Watanabe, M. M. 2011 Local expansion of a panmictic lineage of water bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. PLoS One, 6, e17085 (article ID). Strain(s): 44, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 478, 604, 843, 901, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1085, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1209, 1211, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629 PubMed: 21390221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017085 Tanabe, Y., Sano, T., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M. 2009b Recombination, cryptic clades and neutral molecular divergence of the microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. BMC Evol. Biol., 9, 115 (article ID). Strain(s): 44, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 478, 604, 843, 901, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1085, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1209, 1211, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2561 PubMed: 19463155 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-115 Tanabe, Y., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M. 2007 Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) reveals high genetic diversity and clonal population structure of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Microbiology, 153, 3695-3703. Strain(s): 44, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 478, 604, 843, 901, 933, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1085, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1209, 1211, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254 PubMed: 17975077 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/010645-0 Naito, K., Suzuki, M., Mito, S., Hasegawa, H., Matsui, M., Imai, I. 2006 Effects of the substances secreted from Closterium aciculare (Charophyceae, Chlorophyta) on the growth of freshwater phytoplankton under iron-deficient conditions. Plankton Benthos Res., 1, 191-199. Keywords: Closterium aciculare; freshwater phytoplankton; growth; iron-complexing ligand; iron-deficient conditions Strain(s): 104, 215, 248, 333, 528 DOI: 10.3800/pbr.1.191 Yoshida, T., Takashima, Y., Tomaru Y., Shirai, Y., Takao, Y., Hiroishi, S., Nagasaki, K. 2006 Isolation and characterization of a cyanophage infecting the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 1239-1247. Strain(s): 44, 87, 90, 98, 102, 104, 111, 112, 298, 604 PubMed: 16461672 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.72.2.1239-1247.2006 Seo, P-S. & Yokota, A. 2003 The phylogenetic relationships of cyanobacteria inferred from 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoC1 and rpoD1 gene sequences. J. Gen. Appl. Micobiol., 49, 191-203. Keywords: cyanobacteria; gyrB; phylogeny; protein evolution; rpoC1; rpoD1; 16S rDNA Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 25, 39, 104, 2093, 2095, 2128, 3277 PubMed: 12949700 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.49.191 Yoshida, T., Yuki, Y., Lei, S., Chinen, H., Yoshida, M., Kondo, R., Hiroishi, S. 2003 Quantitative detection of toxic strains of the cyanobacterial genus Microcystis by competitive PCR. Microbes Environ., 18, 16-23. Keywords: competitive PCR; microcystin; Microcystis; peptide synthetase; toxic cyanobacteria Strain(s): 87, 88, 89, 90, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 604 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.18.16 Yuki, Y., Yoshida, T., Hiroishi, S. 2002 Molecular detection of the toxic cyanobacteria [Yûdoku aoko no bunshi-shikibetsu to yosatsu he-no ôyô]. In Series of Fisheries Science Vol. 143, Prevention and Extermination Strategies of Harmful Algal Blooms [Suisan-gaku shirîzu 134, Yûgai-yûdoku sôrui burûmu no yobô to kujo] , Eds. by Hiroishi, S., Imai, I. & Ishimaru, T., Koseisha-Koseikaku, Tokyo, pp. 43-53 (in Japanese). Strain(s): 73, 81, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 204, 230, 298, 299, 604 Mori, F., Erata, M., Watanabe, M. M. 2002 Cryopreservation of cyanobacteria and green algae in the NIES-Collection. Microbiol. Cult. Coll., 18, 45-55. Keywords: cryopreservation; cyanobacteria; green algae; FDA staining method; NIES-Collection Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 144, 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 257, 259, 261, 263, 266, 267, 268, 287, 288, 289, 290, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 329, 334, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 349, 351, 359, 360, 361, 362, 375, 378, 379, 380, 382, 384, 385, 390, 394, 396, 397, 398, 415, 416, 418, 419, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 464, 468, 469, 474, 478, 479, 480, 481, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 509, 510, 512, 514, 515, 522, 523, 524, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 604, 610, 628, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 672, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729 Lyra, C., Suomalainen, S., Gugger, M., Vezie, C., Sundman, P., Paulin, L., Sivonen, K. 2001 Molecular characterization of planktic cyanobacteria of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Planktothrix genera. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 51, 13-526. Keywords: cyanobacteria; 16S rRNA gene; RFLP; sequencing; REP; ERIC Strain(s): 41, 44, 73, 79, 81, 89, 98, 102, 104 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-2-513 Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M. 2000 Genetic typing of a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis in Japan using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Plankton Biol. Ecol., 47, 1-6. Keywords: genetic typing; 16S rDNA; Microcystis; cyanobacteria; phylogenetic analysis Strain(s): 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 604, 1055, 1061, 1068, 1076, 1090, 1091, 1105, 1122, 1142, 1164 Metcalf, J. S., Bell, S. G., Codd, G. A. 2000 Production of novel polyclonal antibodies against the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR and their application for the detection and quantification of microcystins and nodularin. Water Res., 34, 2761-2769. Keywords: cyanobacteria; blue-green algae; microcystin; toxins; antibodies; immunoassays Strain(s): 42, 102, 103, 104, 595 DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00429-7 Kondo, R., Yoshida, T., Yuki, Y., Hiroishi, S. 2000 DNA-DNA reassociation among a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus, Microcystis. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50, 767-770. Keywords: DNA hybridization; DNA G+C content; cyanobacteria; Microcystis Strain(s): 87, 89, 98, 102, 104, 111, 112, 298, 604 PubMed: 10758887 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-2-767 Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Komura, M., Yuki, Y., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M. 2000 Molecular taxonomy of a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan, 47, 25-33 (in Japanese with English summary). Keywords: cyanobacteria; Microcystis; bacterial criteria; molecular analysis Strain(s): 6, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 604, 1055, 1061, 1068, 1076, 1090, 1091, 1105, 1122, 1142, 1164 Otsuka, S., Suda, S., Li, R., Watanabe, M., Oyaizu, H., Matsumoto, S., Watanabe, M. M. 1999 Phylogenetic relationships between toxic and non-toxic strains of the genus Microcystis based on 16S to 23S internal transcribed spacer sequence. FEMS Mircobiol. Lett., 172, 15-21. Keywords: cyanobacteria; Microcystis; internal transcribed spacer; phylogeny; microcystin Strain(s): 44, 104, 111, 1054, 1055, 1058, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1085, 1086, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1105, 1115, 1117, 1143 PubMed: 10079523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13443.x Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M., Hata, Y. 1999 Rapid DNA extraction from a bloom-forming cyanobacterium. Microbes Environ., 14, 157-161. Keywords: DNA extraction; PCR; Microcystis; cyanobacteria Strain(s): 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 604, 1055, 1061, 1068, 1076, 1090, 1091, 1105, 1122, 1142, 1164 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.14.157 Li, R., Yokota, A., Sugiyama, J., Watanabe, M., Hiroki, M., Watanabe, M. M. 1998 Chemotaxonomy of planktonic cyanobacteria based on non-polar and 3-hydroxy fatty acid composition. Phycol. Res., 46, 21-28. Keywords: 3-hydroxy fatty acids; chemotaxonomy; fatty acid; non-polar fatty acids; planktonic cyanobacteria Strain(s): 27, 40, 44, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 89, 98, 102, 104, 111, 112, 204, 205, 207, 298, 604, 810, 821, 825, 826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1835.1998.tb00093.x Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Yuki, Y., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M. 1998 Taxonomy of a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 64, 291-292 (in Japanese with English title). Strain(s): 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 298, 299, 604 Ward, C. J., Beattie, K. A., Lee, E. Y. C., Codd, G. A. 1997 Colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition assay of laboratory strains and natural blooms of cyanobacteria: comparisons with high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis for microcystins. FEMS Mircobiol. Lett., 153, 465-473. Keywords: Microcystin; Protein phosphatase; Cyanobacteria; High-performance liquid chromatography Strain(s): 42, 102, 103, 104, 298, 595 PubMed: 9271876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12611.x Soma, Y., Imaizumi, T., Yagi, K., Kasuga, S. 1993 Estimation of algal succession in lake water using HPLC analysis of pigments. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 50, 1142-1146. Strain(s): 44, 73, 81, 88, 104, 111, 233, 234, 333, 351 Yamaguchi, K., Murakami, M., Okino, T. 1989 Screening of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities in microalgae. J. Appl. Phycol., 1, 271-275. Keywords: angiotensin converting enzyme; inhibitor; microalgae; peptide; screening Strain(s): 14, 100, 102, 104, 114 |
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