Strain Data

Strain number		NIES-293
Phylum		Heterokontophyta
Class		Raphidophyceae
Scientific name		Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada ex Y.Hara & Chihara
Synonym		Entomosigma akashiwo Y.Hada; Chattonella akashiwo (Y.Hada) Loeblich III 1979; Olisthodiscus carterae Hulburt 1965; Heterosigma inlandica Hada 1968; Chattonella inlandica (Y.Hada) Loeblich III & Fine 1977; Heterosigma carterae (Hulbert) F.J.R.Taylor 1992
Former name
Common name
Locality (Date of collection)		Onagawa Bay, Miyagi, Japan (1984-08-28)
Latitude / Longitude		38.438721 / 141.457214
Habitat (Isolation source)		Marine (Seawater)
History		< Suda, Shoichiro
Isolator (Date of isolation)		Suda, Shoichiro (1984-09-01)
Identified by		Suda, Shoichiro
State of strain		Subculture; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic[2018 Feb]
Culture condition (Preculture condition)		Medium: f/2 Temperature: 20 C Light intensity: 31 µmol photons/m²/sec, L/D cycle: 10L:14D Duration: 20 D
Gene information		Plastid DNA ( EU168190 ) , 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S ( DQ470658 ) , CO1 ( AB334512 ) , rbcL ( AB334439 )
Cell size (min - max)
Organization		Unicellular; Flagellate
Characteristics		Red tide ; Genome decoded strain (Cattolico, R. A. et al. 2008)
Other strain no.		Other strain no. : 8280G21-1
Remarks		Fragile species to transportation stresses; Read and agree "How to order 4.1"; Axenic
Movie

Reference
Kim, J.-H., Kim, J. H., Kim, S.-H., Kang, Y.-H., Lee, J., Joo, J.-H., Han, M.-S., Park. B. S. 2024 The impact of sexual reproduction-induced vertical migration on the complexity of harmful algal blooms in Heterosigma akashiwo. Environ. Res., 258, 119437 (article ID). Keywords: Harmful algal bloom; Population dynamics; Phytoplankton behaviour Strain(s): 6, 293 PubMed: 38897436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119437 Takebe, H., Tominaga, K., Isozaki, T., Watanabe, T., Yamamoto, K., Kamikawa, R., Yoshida, T. 2024 Taxonomic difference in marine bloom-forming phytoplanktonic species affects the dynamics of both bloom-responding prokaryotes and prokaryotic viruses. mSystems, 9, e00949-23 (article ID). Keywords: phytoplankton bloom; prokaryotes; prokaryotic viruses; microcosm; Heterosigma akashiwo; Chaetoceros sp. Strain(s): 293, 3717 PubMed: 38441030 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00949-23 Kim, J.-H., Park, B. S., Kim, J. H. 2023 Comprehensive understanding of the life history of harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo: Integrating in situ and in vitro observations. Harmful Algae, 129, 102521 (article ID). Keywords: Heterosigma akashiwo; Harmful alga; Raphidophyceae; Life history; Life cycle; Sexual reproduction; Hologamete; Homothallism; Zygote (large cell); Multiple cells; Cell cluster; Cyst cluster Strain(s): 5, 293 PubMed: 37951620 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102521 Sako, Y. 2019 Ecophysiological studies of marine microorganisms by genome information. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 85, 281-290 (in Japanese). Strain(s): 1, 7, 12, 293, 559, 603, 670 DOI: 10.2331/suisan.WA2633 Mitani, E., Nakayama, F., Matsuwaki, I., Ichi, I., Kawabata, A., Kawachi, M., Kato, M. 2017 Fatty acid composition profiles of 235 strains of three microalgal divisions within the NIES Microbial Culture Collection. Microb. Resour. Syst., 33, 19-29. Keywords: Cryptophyta; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; fatty acid; Haptophyta; Heterokontophyta; microalgae Strain(s): 1, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 71, 115, 223, 225, 233, 234, 265, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 293, 323, 324, 330, 333, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 353, 372, 377, 388, 391, 395, 407, 408, 409, 413, 414, 417, 461, 462, 466, 487, 534, 548, 553, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 562, 587, 588, 589, 590, 603, 605, 622, 623, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 741, 765, 766, 767, 805, 837, 997, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1009, 1011, 1016, 1017, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1302, 1303, 1324, 1327, 1330, 1339, 1340, 1349, 1353, 1370, 1375, 1376, 1379, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1395, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1699, 1700, 1730, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1826, 1827, 1831, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1874, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1974, 1975, 1976, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2147, 2148, 2300, 2331, 2332, 2351, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2369, 2370, 2376, 2506, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2590, 2633, 2668, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2693, 2694, 2696, 2697, 2707, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2720, 2722, 2723, 2725, 2726, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2859, 2872, 2878, 2890, 2899, 3391, 3689, 3690, 3691 Hunsperger, H. M., Randhawa, T., Cattolico, R. A. 2015 Extensive horizontal gene transfer, duplication, and loss of chlorophyll synthesis genes in the algae. BMC Evol. Biol., 15, 16 (article ID). Keywords: Chlorophyll synthesis; Horizontal gene transfer; Endosymbiotic gene transfer; Gene duplication; Algae; Protochlorophyllide Strain(s): 293, 360, 484, 1363, 2140 PubMed: 25887237 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0286-4 Saijo, H., Tsuruta, K., Kusumoto, N., Ashitani, T., Takahashi, K. 2013 Growth inhibition activities of Sugi bark components against Heterosigma akashiwo. J. Wood Sci., 59, 238-242. Keywords: Sugi bark; Extract; Inhibition activity; Red tide plankton; Heterosigma akashiwo Strain(s): 293 DOI: 10.1007/s10086-013-1328-4 Yang, EC., Boo, GH., Kim, HJ., Cho, SM., Boo, SM., Andersen, R. A., Yoon, HS. 2012 Supermatrix data highlight the phylogenetic relationships of photosynthetic Stramenopiles. Protist, 163, 217-231. Keywords: Heterokont algae; molecular phylogenetic analysis; multigene phylogeny; reduced ﬂagellar clade; stramenochromes Strain(s): 293, 622, 716, 1863, 1864 PubMed: 22001261 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.08.001 Park, B. S., Baek, S. H., Ki, J.-S., Cattolico, R. A., Han, M.-S. 2012 Assessment of EvaGreen-based quantitative real-time PCR assay for enumeration of the microalgae Heterosigma and Chattonella (Raphidophyceae). J. Appl. Phycol., 24, 1555-1567. Keywords: Raphidophyceae; Quantitative real-time PCR; EvaGreen; Field application Strain(s): 293 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-012-9816-2 Demura, M., Noël, M.-H., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M., Kawachi, M. 2009 Taxonomic revision of Chattonella antiqua, C. marina and C. ovata (Raphidophyceae) based on their morphological characteristics and genetic diversity. Phycologia, 48, 518-535. Keywords: Chattonella antiqua; Chattonella marina; Chattonella ovata; COI; COX1; Genetic diversity; ITS; Microsatellite; Morphology; Phylogeny; Population; Raphidophyceae; rbcL; Speciation; Taxonomy Strain(s): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 83, 84, 85, 113, 114, 116, 118, 146, 161, 293, 557, 561, 603, 671, 716, 849, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1986, 2383, 2391, 2405, 2406 DOI: 10.2216/08-98.1 Cattolico, R. A., Jacobs, M. A., Zhou, Y., Chang, J., Duplessis, M., Lybrand, T., McKay, J., Ong, H. C., Sims, E., Rocap, G. 2008 Chloroplast genome sequencing analysis of Heterosigma akashiwo CCMP452 (West Atlantic) and NIES293 (West Pacific) strains. BMC Genomics, 9, 211-230. Strain(s): 293 PubMed: 18462506 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-211 Ki, J.-S. & Han, M.-S. 2007 Nuclear rDNA and chloroplast rbcL, rbcS and IGS sequence data, and their implications from the Japanese, Korean, and North American harmful algae, Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae). Environ. Res., 103, 299-304. Keywords: Heterosigma akashiwo; blooms; nuclear rDNA; rbcS; IGS Strain(s): 293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.014 Hosoi-Tanabe, S. & Sako, Y. 2005 Species-speciﬁc detection and quantiﬁcation of toxic marine Dinoﬂagellates Alexandrium tamarense and A. catenella by reai-time PCR assay. Mar. Biotechnol., 7, 506-514. Keywords: toxic dinoﬂagellate; — Alexandrium; paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP); real-time PCR; species-specific identification; quantification Strain(s): 1, 7, 12, 293, 331, 559, 603, 670 PubMed: 16007374 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-4128-4 Takeda, F., Sakamaki, T., Xu, K., Chiba, N., Nishimura, O., Sudo, R. 2003 Effect of potential allelochemicals extracted from Sargassum horneri on the growth of red tide microalgae. J. Environ. Syst. and Eng., JSCE, VII-29, 25-32. Keywords: Sargassum horneri; red tide microalgae; growth inhibition; allelochemicals Strain(s): 1, 16, 293 DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2003.748_25 Connell, L. & Cattolico, R. A. 1996 Fragile algae: axenic culture of field-collected samples of Heterosigma carterae. Mar. Biol., 125, 421-426. Strain(s): 293 DOI: 10.1007/BF00346322

Reference

Kim, J.-H., Kim, J. H., Kim, S.-H., Kang, Y.-H., Lee, J., Joo, J.-H., Han, M.-S., Park. B. S. 2024 The impact of sexual reproduction-induced vertical migration on the complexity of harmful algal blooms in Heterosigma akashiwo. Environ. Res., 258, 119437 (article ID).
Keywords: Harmful algal bloom; Population dynamics; Phytoplankton behaviour
Strain(s): 6, 293
PubMed: 38897436
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119437

Takebe, H., Tominaga, K., Isozaki, T., Watanabe, T., Yamamoto, K., Kamikawa, R., Yoshida, T. 2024 Taxonomic difference in marine bloom-forming phytoplanktonic species affects the dynamics of both bloom-responding prokaryotes and prokaryotic viruses. mSystems, 9, e00949-23 (article ID).
Keywords: phytoplankton bloom; prokaryotes; prokaryotic viruses; microcosm; Heterosigma akashiwo; Chaetoceros sp.
Strain(s): 293, 3717
PubMed: 38441030
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00949-23

Kim, J.-H., Park, B. S., Kim, J. H. 2023 Comprehensive understanding of the life history of harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo: Integrating in situ and in vitro observations. Harmful Algae, 129, 102521 (article ID).
Keywords: Heterosigma akashiwo; Harmful alga; Raphidophyceae; Life history; Life cycle; Sexual reproduction; Hologamete; Homothallism; Zygote (large cell); Multiple cells; Cell cluster; Cyst cluster
Strain(s): 5, 293
PubMed: 37951620
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102521

Sako, Y. 2019 Ecophysiological studies of marine microorganisms by genome information. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 85, 281-290 (in Japanese).
Strain(s): 1, 7, 12, 293, 559, 603, 670
DOI: 10.2331/suisan.WA2633

Mitani, E., Nakayama, F., Matsuwaki, I., Ichi, I., Kawabata, A., Kawachi, M., Kato, M. 2017 Fatty acid composition profiles of 235 strains of three microalgal divisions within the NIES Microbial Culture Collection. Microb. Resour. Syst., 33, 19-29.
Keywords: Cryptophyta; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; fatty acid; Haptophyta; Heterokontophyta; microalgae
Strain(s): 1, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 71, 115, 223, 225, 233, 234, 265, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 293, 323, 324, 330, 333, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 353, 372, 377, 388, 391, 395, 407, 408, 409, 413, 414, 417, 461, 462, 466, 487, 534, 548, 553, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 562, 587, 588, 589, 590, 603, 605, 622, 623, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 741, 765, 766, 767, 805, 837, 997, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1009, 1011, 1016, 1017, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1302, 1303, 1324, 1327, 1330, 1339, 1340, 1349, 1353, 1370, 1375, 1376, 1379, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1395, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1699, 1700, 1730, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1826, 1827, 1831, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1874, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1974, 1975, 1976, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2147, 2148, 2300, 2331, 2332, 2351, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2369, 2370, 2376, 2506, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2590, 2633, 2668, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2693, 2694, 2696, 2697, 2707, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2720, 2722, 2723, 2725, 2726, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2859, 2872, 2878, 2890, 2899, 3391, 3689, 3690, 3691

Hunsperger, H. M., Randhawa, T., Cattolico, R. A. 2015 Extensive horizontal gene transfer, duplication, and loss of chlorophyll synthesis genes in the algae. BMC Evol. Biol., 15, 16 (article ID).
Keywords: Chlorophyll synthesis; Horizontal gene transfer; Endosymbiotic gene transfer; Gene duplication; Algae; Protochlorophyllide
Strain(s): 293, 360, 484, 1363, 2140
PubMed: 25887237
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0286-4

Saijo, H., Tsuruta, K., Kusumoto, N., Ashitani, T., Takahashi, K. 2013 Growth inhibition activities of Sugi bark components against Heterosigma akashiwo. J. Wood Sci., 59, 238-242.
Keywords: Sugi bark; Extract; Inhibition activity; Red tide plankton; Heterosigma akashiwo
Strain(s): 293
DOI: 10.1007/s10086-013-1328-4

Yang, EC., Boo, GH., Kim, HJ., Cho, SM., Boo, SM., Andersen, R. A., Yoon, HS. 2012 Supermatrix data highlight the phylogenetic relationships of photosynthetic Stramenopiles. Protist, 163, 217-231.
Keywords: Heterokont algae; molecular phylogenetic analysis; multigene phylogeny; reduced ﬂagellar clade; stramenochromes
Strain(s): 293, 622, 716, 1863, 1864
PubMed: 22001261
DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.08.001

Park, B. S., Baek, S. H., Ki, J.-S., Cattolico, R. A., Han, M.-S. 2012 Assessment of EvaGreen-based quantitative real-time PCR assay for enumeration of the microalgae Heterosigma and Chattonella (Raphidophyceae). J. Appl. Phycol., 24, 1555-1567.
Keywords: Raphidophyceae; Quantitative real-time PCR; EvaGreen; Field application
Strain(s): 293
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-012-9816-2

Demura, M., Noël, M.-H., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M., Kawachi, M. 2009 Taxonomic revision of Chattonella antiqua, C. marina and C. ovata (Raphidophyceae) based on their morphological characteristics and genetic diversity. Phycologia, 48, 518-535.
Keywords: Chattonella antiqua; Chattonella marina; Chattonella ovata; COI; COX1; Genetic diversity; ITS; Microsatellite; Morphology; Phylogeny; Population; Raphidophyceae; rbcL; Speciation; Taxonomy
Strain(s): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 83, 84, 85, 113, 114, 116, 118, 146, 161, 293, 557, 561, 603, 671, 716, 849, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1986, 2383, 2391, 2405, 2406
DOI: 10.2216/08-98.1

Cattolico, R. A., Jacobs, M. A., Zhou, Y., Chang, J., Duplessis, M., Lybrand, T., McKay, J., Ong, H. C., Sims, E., Rocap, G. 2008 Chloroplast genome sequencing analysis of Heterosigma akashiwo CCMP452 (West Atlantic) and NIES293 (West Pacific) strains. BMC Genomics, 9, 211-230.
Strain(s): 293
PubMed: 18462506
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-211

Ki, J.-S. & Han, M.-S. 2007 Nuclear rDNA and chloroplast rbcL, rbcS and IGS sequence data, and their implications from the Japanese, Korean, and North American harmful algae, Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae). Environ. Res., 103, 299-304.
Keywords: Heterosigma akashiwo; blooms; nuclear rDNA; rbcS; IGS
Strain(s): 293
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.014

Hosoi-Tanabe, S. & Sako, Y. 2005 Species-speciﬁc detection and quantiﬁcation of toxic marine Dinoﬂagellates Alexandrium tamarense and A. catenella by reai-time PCR assay. Mar. Biotechnol., 7, 506-514.
Keywords: toxic dinoﬂagellate; — Alexandrium; paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP); real-time PCR; species-specific identification; quantification
Strain(s): 1, 7, 12, 293, 331, 559, 603, 670
PubMed: 16007374
DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-4128-4

Takeda, F., Sakamaki, T., Xu, K., Chiba, N., Nishimura, O., Sudo, R. 2003 Effect of potential allelochemicals extracted from Sargassum horneri on the growth of red tide microalgae. J. Environ. Syst. and Eng., JSCE, VII-29, 25-32.
Keywords: Sargassum horneri; red tide microalgae; growth inhibition; allelochemicals
Strain(s): 1, 16, 293
DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2003.748_25

Connell, L. & Cattolico, R. A. 1996 Fragile algae: axenic culture of field-collected samples of Heterosigma carterae. Mar. Biol., 125, 421-426.
Strain(s): 293
DOI: 10.1007/BF00346322

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