Strain number NIES-3780  
Phylum Chlorophyta  
Class Chlorophyceae  
Scientific name Volvox africanus G.S.West  
Synonym  
Former name  
Common name Green alga ; Volvocine alga  
Locality (Date of collection) Lake Biwa, Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu Shiga, Japan (2013-07-03)  
Latitude / Longitude 35.073889 / 135.931944 
Habitat (Isolation source) Freshwater (Lake water)  
History < Nozaki, Hisayoshi  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2013-07-03)  
Identified by Nozaki, Hisayoshi  
State of strain Subculture; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic[2022 Apr]  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  AF-6/2AF-6/3  
Temperature:  20 C
Light intensity:  12-23 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  1 M  
Gene information Whole-genome ( BNCO01000001-BNCO01000448 ) , ITS2 ( LC090159 ) , atpB ( LC090150 ) , rbcL ( LC090149 ) , psaA ( LC090151 ) , psaB ( LC090152 ) , psbC ( LC090153 ) , MID ( LC274875 LC274876 ) , sex determining region ( LC582540 LC586641 LC586642 )  
Cell size (min - max)  
Organization Colonial; Flagellate 
Characteristics Phototaxis ; Homothallic ; Monoecious with male ; Oogamy ; F1 strain (NIES-3784) ; Genome decoded strain (Yamamoto et al. 2021)  
Other strain no. Other strain no. : 2013-0703-VO4  
Remarks Axenic; Fragile species to transportation stresses; Read and agree "How to order 4.1" 
Movie  
Reference
Yamamoto, K., Matsuzaki, R., Mahakham, W., Heman, W., Sekimoto, H., Kawachi, M., Minakuchi, Y., Toyoda, A., Nozaki, H. 2023 Expanded male sex-determining region conserved during the evolution of homothallism in the green alga Volvox. iScience, 26, 106893 (article ID).
Strain(s): 3780378537864468 
PubMed: 37378338
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106893

Yamagishi, S., Yamamoto, K., Takahashi, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Suzuki, S., Matsuzaki, R., Yamaguchi, H., Kawachi, M., Higashiyama, T., Nozaki, H. 2023 Evolutionary analysis of MID homologs during the transition from homothallic species to heterothallic species in Volvox sect. Volvox (Chlorophyceae). Phycol. Res., 72, 46-55.
Keywords: male gamete; mating system; minus dominance gene (MID); molecular evolution; sex; sperm packet; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 28945646054154454556957257458265265365473285185285787289189213621363170817101859245725692735273627403382338337803782378638743984398639884021402543364432453545364537 
DOI: 10.1111/pre.12538

Nozaki, H., Mahakham, W., Heman W., Matsuzaki, R., Kawachi, M. 2022 Morphology, mating system and taxonomy of Volvox africanus (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae) from Thailand. Bot. Stud., 63, 1 (article ID).
Strain(s): 378037813782378344674468 
PubMed: 35061120
DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00332-1

Yamamoto, K., Hamaji, T., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Matsuzaki, R., Takahashi, F., Nishimura, Y., Kawachi, M., Noguchi, H., Minakuchi, YY., Umen, J. G., Toyoda, A., Nozaki, H. 2021 Three genomes in the algal genus Volvox reveal the fate of a haploid sex-determining region after a transition to homothallism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 118, e2100712118 (article ID).
Keywords: Volvox; evolution; heterothallism; homothallism; sex
Strain(s): 3780378137823783378437853786 
PubMed: 34011609
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100712118

Takahashi, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Ootsuki, R., Hamaji, T., Tsuchikane, Y., Sekimoto, H., Higashiyama, T., Nozaki, H. 2021 Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system. Evolution, 75, 2984-2993.
Keywords: Haploid species; inbreeding; life-history evolution; mating systems; reproductive isolation; sex
Strain(s): 456460541544731732872891892136213632569338233833780378240664068447944804481448244834484 
PubMed: 34250602
DOI: 10.1111/evo.14306

Hanschen, E. R., Herron, M. D., Wiens, J. J., Nozaki, H., Michod, R. E. 2018 Repeated evolution and reversibilityof self-fertilization in the volvocinegreen algae. Evolution, 72, 386-398.
Keywords: Haploid; phylogenetics; self-fertilization; sex; sexual reproduction; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 28941845645846054154354454556456656856957157257457858265373285185685787287587687787888088288389189210381362171117132457256927383382338837803782 
PubMed: 29134623
DOI: 10.1111/evo.13394

Gaouda, H., Hamaji, T., Yamamoto, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H., Minakuchi, Y., Toyoda, A., Fujiyama, A., Nozaki, H., Smith, D. R. 2018 Exploring the limits and causes of plastid genome expansion in volvocine green algae. Genome Biol. Evol., 10, 2248-2254.
Keywords: Eudorina; genome expansion; mutational hazard hypothesis; Volvox; Yamagishiella
Strain(s): 378039823984 
PubMed: 30102347
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy175

Hanschen, E. R., Herron, M. D., Wiens, J. J., Nozaki, H., Michod, R. E. 2018 Multicellularity drives the evolution of sexual traits. Am. Nat., 192, E93-E10.
Keywords: sex; volvocine green algae; multicellularity; ancestral state; reconstruction; anisogamy; sexual dimorphism
Strain(s): 28941842145645846052254154354454556456656856957157257457858265373275185185685787287587687787888088288389189210381362171117132457256927383382338837803782 
PubMed: 30125231
DOI: 10.1086/698301

Hanschen, E. R., Davison, D. R., Ferris, P. J., Michod, R. E. 2018 On the rediscovery of Volvox perglobator (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) and the evolution of outcrossing from self-fertilization. Evol. Ecol. Res., 19, 299-318.
Keywords: homothallism; phylogenetics; reversion; self-fertilization; sexual reproduction; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 28942145645846047452254154354454556456656856957157257457858265373275185185687287687787888088210381122114011481156115713621708171117131859245725692738338233883780378239864145425842594260 

Yamamoto, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Hamaji, T., Tsuchikane, Y., Mori, T., Takahashi, F., Sekimoto, H., Ferris, P. J., Nozaki, H. 2017 Molecular evolutionary analysis of a gender-limited MID ortholog from the homothallic species Volvox africanus with male and monoecious spheroids. PLoS One, 12, e0180313 (article ID).
Strain(s): 37803782378337853786398641104111 
PubMed: 28665990
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180313

Nozaki, H., Matsuzaki, R., Yamamoto, K., Kawachi, M., Takahashi, F. 2015 Delineating a new heterothallic species of Volvox (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae) using new strains of “Volvox africanus”. PLoS One, 10, e0142632 (article ID).
Strain(s): 3780378137823783378437853786 
PubMed: 26562165
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142632

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