Strain number NIES-3780  
Phylum Chlorophyta  
Class Chlorophyceae  
Scientific name Volvox africanus G.S.West  
Synonym  
Former name  
Common name Green alga ; Volvocine alga  
Locality (Date of collection) Lake Biwa, Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu Shiga, Japan (2013-07-03)  
Latitude / Longitude 35.073889 / 135.931944 
Habitat (Isolation source) Freshwater (Lake water)  
History < Nozaki, Hisayoshi  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2013-07-03)  
Identified by Nozaki, Hisayoshi  
State of strain Subculture; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic[2022 Apr]  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  AF-6/2AF-6/3  
Temperature:  20 C
Light intensity:  12-23 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  1 M  
Gene information Whole-genome ( BNCO01000001-BNCO01000448 ) , ITS2 ( LC090159 ) , atpB ( LC090150 ) , rbcL ( LC090149 ) , psaA ( LC090151 ) , psaB ( LC090152 ) , psbC ( LC090153 ) , MID ( LC274875 LC274876 ) , sex determining region ( LC582540 LC586641 LC586642 )  
Cell size (min - max)  
Organization Colonial; Flagellate 
Characteristics Phototaxis ; Homothallic ; Monoecious with male ; Oogamy ; F1 strain (NIES-3784) ; Genome decoded strain (Yamamoto et al. 2021)  
Other strain no. Other strain no. : 2013-0703-VO4  
Remarks Axenic; Fragile species to transportation stresses; Read and agree "How to order 4.1" 
Movie  
Reference
Yamagishi, S., Yamamoto, K., Takahashi, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Suzuki, S., Matsuzaki, R., Yamaguchi, H., Kawachi, M., Higashiyama, T., Nozaki, H. 2024 Evolutionary analysis of MID homologs during the transition from homothallic species to heterothallic species in Volvox sect. Volvox (Chlorophyceae). Phycol. Res., 72, 46-55.
Keywords: male gamete; mating system; minus dominance gene (MID); molecular evolution; sex; sperm packet; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 28945646054154454556957257458265265365473285185285787289189213621363170817101859245725692735273627403382338337803782378638743984398639884021402543364432453545364537 
DOI: 10.1111/pre.12538

Yamamoto, K., Matsuzaki, R., Mahakham, W., Heman, W., Sekimoto, H., Kawachi, M., Minakuchi, Y., Toyoda, A., Nozaki, H. 2023 Expanded male sex-determining region conserved during the evolution of homothallism in the green alga Volvox. iScience, 26, 106893 (article ID).
Strain(s): 3780378537864468 
PubMed: 37378338
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106893

Nozaki, H., Mahakham, W., Heman W., Matsuzaki, R., Kawachi, M. 2022 Morphology, mating system and taxonomy of Volvox africanus (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae) from Thailand. Bot. Stud., 63, 1 (article ID).
Strain(s): 378037813782378344674468 
PubMed: 35061120
DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00332-1

Yamamoto, K., Hamaji, T., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Matsuzaki, R., Takahashi, F., Nishimura, Y., Kawachi, M., Noguchi, H., Minakuchi, YY., Umen, J. G., Toyoda, A., Nozaki, H. 2021 Three genomes in the algal genus Volvox reveal the fate of a haploid sex-determining region after a transition to homothallism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 118, e2100712118 (article ID).
Keywords: Volvox; evolution; heterothallism; homothallism; sex
Strain(s): 3780378137823783378437853786 
PubMed: 34011609
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100712118

Takahashi, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Ootsuki, R., Hamaji, T., Tsuchikane, Y., Sekimoto, H., Higashiyama, T., Nozaki, H. 2021 Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system. Evolution, 75, 2984-2993.
Keywords: Haploid species; inbreeding; life-history evolution; mating systems; reproductive isolation; sex
Strain(s): 456460541544731732872891892136213632569338233833780378240664068447944804481448244834484 
PubMed: 34250602
DOI: 10.1111/evo.14306

Hanschen, E. R., Herron, M. D., Wiens, J. J., Nozaki, H., Michod, R. E. 2018 Repeated evolution and reversibilityof self-fertilization in the volvocinegreen algae. Evolution, 72, 386-398.
Keywords: Haploid; phylogenetics; self-fertilization; sex; sexual reproduction; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 28941845645846054154354454556456656856957157257457858265373285185685787287587687787888088288389189210381362171117132457256927383382338837803782 
PubMed: 29134623
DOI: 10.1111/evo.13394

Gaouda, H., Hamaji, T., Yamamoto, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H., Minakuchi, Y., Toyoda, A., Fujiyama, A., Nozaki, H., Smith, D. R. 2018 Exploring the limits and causes of plastid genome expansion in volvocine green algae. Genome Biol. Evol., 10, 2248-2254.
Keywords: Eudorina; genome expansion; mutational hazard hypothesis; Volvox; Yamagishiella
Strain(s): 378039823984 
PubMed: 30102347
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy175

Hanschen, E. R., Herron, M. D., Wiens, J. J., Nozaki, H., Michod, R. E. 2018 Multicellularity drives the evolution of sexual traits. Am. Nat., 192, E93-E10.
Keywords: sex; volvocine green algae; multicellularity; ancestral state; reconstruction; anisogamy; sexual dimorphism
Strain(s): 28941842145645846052254154354454556456656856957157257457858265373275185185685787287587687787888088288389189210381362171117132457256927383382338837803782 
PubMed: 30125231
DOI: 10.1086/698301

Hanschen, E. R., Davison, D. R., Ferris, P. J., Michod, R. E. 2018 On the rediscovery of Volvox perglobator (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) and the evolution of outcrossing from self-fertilization. Evol. Ecol. Res., 19, 299-318.
Keywords: homothallism; phylogenetics; reversion; self-fertilization; sexual reproduction; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 28942145645846047452254154354454556456656856957157257457858265373275185185687287687787888088210381122114011481156115713621708171117131859245725692738338233883780378239864145425842594260 

Yamamoto, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Hamaji, T., Tsuchikane, Y., Mori, T., Takahashi, F., Sekimoto, H., Ferris, P. J., Nozaki, H. 2017 Molecular evolutionary analysis of a gender-limited MID ortholog from the homothallic species Volvox africanus with male and monoecious spheroids. PLoS One, 12, e0180313 (article ID).
Strain(s): 37803782378337853786398641104111 
PubMed: 28665990
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180313

Nozaki, H., Matsuzaki, R., Yamamoto, K., Kawachi, M., Takahashi, F. 2015 Delineating a new heterothallic species of Volvox (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae) using new strains of “Volvox africanus”. PLoS One, 10, e0142632 (article ID).
Strain(s): 8633780378137823783378437853786 
PubMed: 26562165
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142632

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