Strain number NIES-2540  
Phylum Chlorophyta  
Class Trebouxiophyceae  
Scientific name Chlorella variabilis Shihira & Krauss  
Synonym Chlorella paramecii Loefer 1936  
Former name  
Common name Green alga  
Locality (Date of collection) Japan  
Latitude / Longitude  
Habitat (Isolation source) (Paramecium bursaria F36)  
History < Hoshina, Ryo  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Kamako, Shin-ichiro (2002-**-**)  
Identified by Hoshina, Ryo  
State of strain Cryopreservation; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic[2018 Mar]  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  CYTHUT  
Temperature:  20 C
Light intensity:  4-10 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  1 M  
Gene information 16S rRNA ( AB208588 ) , 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ( AB162914 ) , rbcL ( AB260900 ) , psaA ( AB260914 )  
Cell size (min - max) 5 - 8 μm  
Organization Unicellular 
Characteristics Symbiotic (Paramecium bursaria) ; Auxotrophic (Amino acid)  
Other strain no. Other strain no. : F36-ZK  
Remarks Cryopreserved; Axenic 
Movie  
Reference
Toyoshima, H., Miyata, A., Yoshida, R., Ishige, T., Takaichi, S., Kawasaki, S. 2021 Distribution of the water-soluble astaxanthin binding carotenoprotein (AstaP) in Scenedesmaceae. Mar. Drugs, 19, 349 (article ID).
Keywords: astaxanthin; Scenedesmus; Coelastrella; carotenoprotein; astaxanthin-binding protein
Strain(s): 22382540 
PubMed: 34203079
DOI: 10.3390/md19060349

Agarkova, I. V., Lane, L. C., Dunigan, D. D., Quispe, C. F., Duncan, G. A., Milrot, E., Minsky, A., Esmael, A., Ghosh, J. F., Van Etten, J. L. 2021 Identification of a chlorovirus PBCV-1 protein involved in degrading the host cell wall during virus infection. Viruses-Basel, 13, 782 (article ID).
Keywords: Chlorella; Phycodnaviridae; chlorovirus; PBCV-1; algal lytic activity; cell wall degrading activity; alginate-like lyase
Strain(s): 25402541 
PubMed: 33924931
DOI: 10.3390/v13050782

Hamana, K., Kobayashi, M., Furuchi, T., Hayashi, H., Niitsu, M. 2018 Polyamine analysis of unicellular, colonial, and multicellular green algae —Detection of aminobutylcadaverine, N1-aminopentylspermidine, N8-aminopentylspermidine, and penta-amines.— Microb. Resour. Syst., 34, 73-82.
Keywords: aminobutylcadaverine; aminopentylspermidine; green alga; penta-amine; polyamine; thermospermine
Strain(s): 1835242691735127112782185218722352261254025723983 

Quispe, C. F., Sonderman, O., Khasin, M., Riekhof, W. R., Van Etten, J. L., Nickerson, K. W. 2016 Comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and physiology distinguish symbiotic from free-living Chlorella strains. Algal Res., 18, 332-340.
Keywords: Chlorella variabilis; Alga-paramecium symbiosis; Algal nitrogen metabolism; Amino acid transporters
Strain(s): 25402541 
DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.06.001

Hoshina, R., Iwataki, M., Imamura, N. 2010 Chlorella variabilis and Micractinium reisseri sp. nov. (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae): Redescription of the endosymbiotic green algae of Paramecium bursaria (Peniculia, Oligohymenophorea) in the 120th year. Phycol. Res., 58, 188-201.
Keywords: Chlorella variabilis; ITS2; Micractinium reisseri; Paramecium bursaria; species concept
Strain(s): 25402542 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2010.00579.x

Kato, Y., Imamura, N., 2008 Effect of calcium ion on uptake of amino acids by symbiotic Chlorella F36-ZK isolated from Japanese Paramecium bursaria. Plant Sci., 174, 88-96.
Keywords: Paramecium bursaria; Chlorella; Calcium; Divalent cation; Amino acid transport; Symbiosis
Strain(s): 22721572540 
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.10.001

Kato, Y., Ueno, S., Imamura, N. 2006 Studies on the nitrogen utilization of endosymbiotic algae isolated from Japanese Paramecium bursaria. Plant Sci., 170, 481-486.
Keywords: Endosymbiont; Paramecium bursaria; Nitrogen utilization; Chlorella
Strain(s): 22725402541 
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.09.018

Hoshina, R., Kato, Y., Kamako, S., Imamura, N. 2005 Genetic evidence of "American" and "European" type symbiotic algae of Paramecium bursaria Ehrenberg. Plant Biol., 7, 526-532.
Keywords: 18S rDNA; "American"; "European"; Chlorella; ITS; Paramecium bursaria; Phylogeny
Strain(s): 25402541 
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865912

Hoshina, R., Kamako, S.-I., Imamura, N. 2004 Phylogenetic position of endosymbiotic green algae in Paramecium bursaria Ehrenberg from Japan. Plant Biol., 6, 447-453.
Keywords: 18S rDNA; Chlorella; endosymbiont; ITS; Paramecium bursaria; phylogeny
Strain(s): 25402541 
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-820888

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