Strain Data

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Strain number		NIES-39
Phylum		Cyanophyta
Class		Cyanophyceae
Scientific name		Arthrospira platensis Gomont
Synonym		Oscillatoria platensis (Gomont) Bourrelly 1970
Former name		Spirulina platensis (Gomont) Geitler
Common name		Blue-green alga ; Cyanobacteria
Locality (Date of collection)		Lake Chad Chad
Latitude / Longitude
Habitat (Isolation source)		Salt water
History		< IAM (1983);
Isolator (Date of isolation)
Identified by
State of strain		Subculture; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic[2018 Feb]
Culture condition (Preculture condition)		Medium: SOT Temperature: 20 (25) C Light intensity: 1 (12) µmol photons/m²/sec, L/D cycle: 10L:14D Duration: 4 M (14 D)
Gene information		Whole-genome ( AP011615 ) , 16S rRNA ( AB074508 DQ393279 ) , cpcB, cpcA ( DQ393287 ) , crtB ( AB001284 ) , cyaA ( D49530 ) , cyaG ( D49531 ) , cyaC ( D49692 ) , groEL ( AB039632 ) , gyrB ( AB074765 ) , petH ( AB113346 ) , MS ( AB548759 ) , mth ( AB282753 ) , recA ( U33924 ) , rpoC1 ( AB074788 ) , rpoD1 ( AB074815 )
Cell size (min - max)		6 - 7 μm
Organization		Filamentous
Characteristics		Autotrophic ; Genome decoded strain (Fujisawa et al. 2010) ; Hydrogen evolution ; Contains good quality of proteins
Other strain no.		Other collection strain no. : IAM M-135 (=M-222)
Remarks		Axenic
Movie		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdR3mW12eeM&index=15&list=PLFTJlLsZcVbiJY3ygYAPKeVOfDdOh9UEW&t=0s

Reference
Kishi, M., Toda, T. 2018 Carbon fixation properties of three alkalihalophilic microalgal strains under high alkalinity. J. Appl. Phycol., 30, 401–410. Keywords: Algae; Cyanobacteria; Carbon dioxide; Alkalinity; Growth optimization Strain(s): 39, 2257 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1226-z Lin, W., Zhao, D., Luo, J. 2018 Distribution of alkaline phosphatase genes in cyanobacteria and the role of alkaline phosphatase on the acquisition of phosphorus from dissolved organic phosphorus for cyanobacterial growth. J. Appl. Phycol., 30, 839-850. Keywords: Alkaline; phosphatase; Cyanobacteria; Dissolved organic phosphorus; Distribution Strain(s): 30, 39, 81, 2130, 2549, 3756 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1267-3 Aikawa, S., Inokuma, K., Wakai, S., Sasaki, K., Ogino, C., Chang, J-S., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2018 Direct and highly productive conversion of cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis to ethanol with CaCl₂ addition. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 11, 50 (article ID). Keywords: Ethanol conversion; Glycogen extraction; Cyanobacteria; Amylase-displaying yeast; Polysaccharide layer; Organic nutrient Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 29492105 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1050-y Moten, D., Batsalova, T., Basheva, D., Mladenov, R., Dzhambazov, B., Teneva, I. 2018 Outer membrane efflux protein (OMEP) is a suitable molecular marker for resolving the phylogeny and taxonomic status of closely related cyanobacteria. Phycol. Res., 66, 31-36. Keywords: cyanobacterial taxonomy; phylogenetic analysis; transmembrane transporter sequences Strain(s): 39, 843, 2104, 3754, 3755, 3756, 3757 DOI: 10.1111/pre.12203 Motwalli, O., Essack, M., Jankovic, BR., Ji, B., Liu, X., Ansari, HR., Hoehndorf, R., Gao, X., Arold, ST., Mineta, K., Archer, JA., Gojobori, T., Mijakovic, I., Bajic, VB. 2017 In silico screening for candidate chassis strains of free fatty acid-producing cyanobacteria. BMC Genomics, 18, 33 (article ID). Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Free fatty acids; Biofuel; Screening method; Cell factories; Bioinformatics; Optimization; Computer science Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 2805677 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3389-4 Tadama, S., Shiraishi, H. 2017 Growth of the edible microalga Arthrospira platensis in relation to boron supply. International Journal of GEOMATE, 12, 90-95. Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Spirulina; Arthrospira platensis; Boron, H-resorcinol Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.21660/2017.30.2580 Reichert,M., Bergmann,S. M., Hwang, J., Buchholz, R., Lindenberger, C. 2017 Antiviral activity of exopolysaccharides from Arthrospira platensis against koi herpesvirus. J. Fish Dis., 40, 1441–1450. Keywords: antiviral substances; exopolysaccharides; KHVD; koi herpesvirus Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 28422294 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12618 Kerfeld, CA., Melnicki, MR., Sutter M., Dominguez-Martin, MA. 2017 Structure, function and evolution of the cyanobacterial orange carotenoid protein and its homologs. New Phytol., 215, 937-951. Keywords: carotenoids; carotenoproteins; cyanobacteria; nonphotochemical quenching; photoprotection; phylogenomics; protein structure; singlet oxygen (¹O₂) quenching Strain(s): 39, 81, 843 PubMed: 28675536 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14670 Silas, S., Makarova, KS., Shmakov, S., Páez-Espino, D., Mohr, G., Liu, Y., Davison, M., Roux, S.9, Krishnamurthy, SR., Fu, BXH., Hansen, LL., Wang, D., Sullivan, MB., Millard, A., Clokie, MR., Bhaya, D., Lambowitz, AM., Kyrpides, NC., Koonin, EV., Fire, AZ. 2017 On the origin of reverse transcriptase using CRISPR-Cas systems and their hyperdiverse, enigmatic spacer repertoires. mBio, 8, e00897-17 (article ID). Keywords: CRISPR; RNA spacer acquisition; cyanobacteria; deep sequencing; horizontal gene transfer; host-parasite relationship; phylogeny; reverse transcriptase Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 28698278 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00897-17 Nogami, R., Nishida, H., Hong, D. D., Wakisaka, M. 2017 Growth promotion effect of alginate oligosaccharides on Spirulina analyzed by repeated batch culture. J. Jpn. Inst. Energy, 96, 352-356. Keywords: Alginate oligosaccharides; Anti-oxidation; Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis; Growth promotion; Phycocyanin; Repeated batch culture Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.3775/jie.96.352 Sugiyama, K., Ebisawa, M., Yamada, M., Nagashima, Y., Suzuki, H., Maoka, T., Takaichi, S. 2017 Functional lycopene cyclase (CruA) in cyanobacterium, Arthrospira platensis NIES-39, and its role in carotenoid synthesis. Plant Cell Physiol., 58, 831-838. Keywords: Arthrospira; Carotenoid; Lycopene cyclase; crtR; cruA; β-Carotene hydroxylase Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 28371918 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx015 Garcia, H. F. L. 2017 Mathematical modelling as a research tool in the cyanobacteria cultivation. PhD thesis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, 101 pp. Strain(s): 39 Nogami, R., Nishida, H., Hong, D. D., Wakisaka, M. 2016 Growth promotion of Spirulina by steelmaking slag: application of solubility diagram to understand its mechanism. AMB Express, 6, 96 (article ID). Keywords: Steelmaking slag; Growth promotion; Spirulina; Solubility diagram; Oxidative stress Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 27730571 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0270-4 Shiraishi, H. 2016 Cryopreservation of the edible alkalophilic cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 80, 2051-2057. Keywords: cyanobacteria; dietary supplements; spirulina; Arthrospira platensis; cryopreservation Strain(s): 39, 46, 2308 PubMed: 27240586 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1189320 Andemichael, H., Lee, J. W. 2016 Toxicological study of biofuel ethanol with blue green alga Spirulina platensis. Algal Res., 18, 110-115. Keywords: Spirulina platensis; Biofuel ethanol; Cyanobacteria; Ethanol tolerance bioassay; Biofuel ethanol toxicological effect Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.032 Misumi, M., Katoh, H., Tomo, T., Sonoike, K. 2016 Relationship between photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching in six species of cyanobacteria reveals species difference in redox state and species commonality in energy dissipation. Plant Cell, 57, 1510-1517. Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements; Cyanobacteria; Photochemical quenching; Respiration; State transition; Thermal dissipation Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 26712847 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv185 Toyoshima, M., Aikawa, S., Yamagishi, T., Kondo, A., Kawai, H. 2015 A pilot-scale floating closed culture system for the multicellular cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis NIES-39. J. Appl. Phycol., 27, 2191-2202. Keywords: Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39; Biomass productivity; Floating closed culture system; Modified seawater medium; Outdoor sulture Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-014-0484-2 Shiraishi, H. 2015 Association of heterotrophic bacteria with aggregated Arthrospira platensis exopolysaccharides: implications in the induction of axenic cultures. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 79, 331-341. Keywords: cyanobacteria; Arthrospira platensis; exopolysaccharides; axenic cultures; Alcian blue Strain(s): 39, 46 PubMed: 25333502 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.972333 Yoshikawa, K., Aikawa, S., Kojima, Y., Toya, Y., Furusawa, C., Kondo, A., Shimizu, H. 2015 Construction of a genome-scale metabolic model of Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 and metabolic design for cyanobacterial bioproduction. PLoS One, 10, e0144430 (article ID). Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 26640947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144430 Aikawa, S., Ho, S-H., Nakanishi, A., Chang, J-S., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2015 Improving polyglucan production in cyanobacteria and microalgae via cultivation design and metabolic engineering. Biotechnol. J., 10, 886-898. Keywords: Bioethanol; Cyanobacteria; Metabolic engineering; Microalgae; Polyglucan Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 25867926 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400344 Kamata, K., Piao, Z., Suzuki, S., Fujimori, T., Tajiri, W., Nagai, K., Iyoda, T., Yamada, A., Hayakawa, T., Ishiwara, M., Horaguchi, S., Belay, A., Tanaka, T., Takano, K., Hangyo M. 2014 Spirulina-templated metal microcoils with controlled helical structures for THz electromagnetic responses. Sci Rep, 4, 4919 (article ID). Strain(s): 39, 46 PubMed: 24815190 DOI: 10.1038/srep04919 Shiraishi, H., Tabuse, Y. 2013 The AplI restriction-modification system in an edible cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39, recognizes the nucleotid sequence 5'-CTGCAG-3'. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 77, 782-788. Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; Spirulina; restriction enzyme; DNA methyltransferase; edible cyanobacteria Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 23563565 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120919 Izumi, Y., Aikawa, S., Matsuda, F., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2013 Aqueous size-exclusion chromatographic method for the quantification of cyanobacterial native glycogen. J. Chromatogr. B, 930, 90-97. Keywords: Size-exclusion chromatography; Native glycogen; Qantitative analysis; Polyhydroxy methacrylate; Microalgae; Arthrospira platensis Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 23727872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.037 Hasunuma, T., Kikuyama, F., Matsuda, M., Aikawa, S., Izumi, Y., Kondo, A. 2013 Dynamic metabolic profiling of cyanobacterial glycogen biosynthesis under conditions of nitrate depletion. J. Exp. Bot., 64, 2943-2954. Keywords: ¹³C; cyanobacteria; glycogen; in vivo labelling; metabolic turnover; metabolomics Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 23658429 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert134 Aikawa, S., Joseph, A., Yamada, R., Izumi, Y., Yamagishi, T., Matsuda, F., Kawai, H., Chang, J.-S., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2013 Direct conversion of Spirulina to ethanol without pretreatment or enzymatic hydrolysis processes. Energ. Environ. Sci., 6, 1844-1849. Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1039/C3EE40305J Miklaszewska, M., Waleron, M., Morin, N., Calusinska, M., Wilmotte, A., De Marsac, NT., Rippka, R., Waleron, K. 2012 Elucidation of the gas vesicle gene clusters in cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira (Oscillatoriales, Cyanophyta) and correlation with ITS phylogeny. Eur. J. Phycol., 47, 233-244. Keywords: Arthrospira; cyanobacteria; gas vacuoles; gas vesicles; gvpA; gvpC; gvpN; internal transcribed spacer (ITS) Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2012.692817 Choi, G-G., Ahn, C-Y., Oh, H-M. 2012 Phylogenetic relationships of Arthrospira strains inferred from 16S rRNA gene and cpcBA-IGS sequences. Algae, 27, 75-82. Keywords: Arthrospira (Spirulina); cpcBA-IGS; phylogenetic analysis; 16S rRNA gene Strain(s): 39, 46 DOI: 10.4490/algae.2012.27.2.075 Aikawa, S., Izumi, Y., Matsuda, F., Hasunuma, T., Chang, J.-S., Kondo, A. 2012 Synergistic enhancement of glycogen production in Arthrospira platensis by optimization of light intensity and nitrate supply. Bioresour. Technol., 108, 211-215. Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; Glycogen; Cyanobacteria; Light intensity; Nitrogen starvation Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.004 Yoshikawa, T., Ikeda, Y., Sakata, T., Maeda, H. 2011 Cloning and analysis of the ggpS gene from cyanobacteria Arthrospira spp. involved in the synthesis of an osmolyte glucosylglycerol. Biocontrol Science, 16, 55-61. Keywords: Arthrospira; ggpS; Glucosylglycerol; Osmolyte; Synechococcus Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 21719990 DOI: 10.4265/bio.16.55 Fujisawa, T., Narikawa, R., Okamoto, S., Ehira, S., Yoshimura, H., Suzuki, I., Masuda, T., Mochimaru, M., Takaichi, S., Awai, K., Sekine, M., Horikawa, H., Yashiro, I., Omata, S., Takarada, H., Katano, Y., Kosugi, H., Tanikawa, S., Ohmori, K., Sato, N.,Ikeuchi, M., Fujita, N., Ohmori, M. 2010 Genomic structure of an economically important cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39. DNA Res., 17, 85-103. Keywords: cyanobacteria; Arthrospira; health supplement; genome; cAMP Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 20203057 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsq004 Tanioka, Y., Miyamoto, E., Yabuta, Y., Ohnishi, K., Fujita, T., Yamaji, R., Misono, H., Shigeoka, S., Nakano, Y., Inui, H., Watanabe, F. 2010 Methyladeninylcobamide functions as the cofactor of methionine synthase in a cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis NIES-39. FEBS Lett., 584, 3223-3226. Keywords: adeninylcobamide; cobalamin; cyanobacteria; methionine synthase; pseudovitamine B12; Spirulina platensis Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.013 Kim, C.-J., Jung, Y.-H., Ahn, C.-Y., Lee, Y.-K., Oh, H.-M. 2010 Adsorption of turbid materials by the cyanobacterium Phormidium parchydematicum. J. Appl. Phycol., 22, 181-186. Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; Clay; Cyanobacteria; Phormidium parchydematicum; Turbid material Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-009-9440-y Lu, J., Satoh, H., Takeuchi, T. 2008 Development of models of threshold and efficient algal densities for larval and juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on raw Spirulina. Aquaculture, 285, 249-254. Keywords: assimilation; 14C labeling; CERAS (closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system); density; ingestion; Spirulina; Oreochromis niloticus Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.039 Kim, C.-J., Hung, Y.-H., Oh, H.-M, 2007 Factors indicating culture status during cultivation of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. J. Microbiol., 45, 122-127. Keywords: coil number; culture status; syanobacteria; floating activity; Spirulona platensis Strain(s): 39, 46 PubMed: 17483796 Lu, J., Takeuchi, T., Satoh, H. 2006 Ingestion, assimilation and utilization of raw Spirulina by larval tilapia Oreochromis niloticus during larval development. Aquaculture, 254, 686-692. Keywords: assimilation; 14C labeling; CERAS (closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system); ingestion; Spirulina; Oreochromis niloticus Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.002 Kim, B.-H., Oh, H.-M., Lee, Y.-K., Choi, G.-G., Ahn, C.-y., Yoon, B.-D., Kim, H.-S., 2006 Simple method for RNA preparation from cyanobacteria. J. Phycol., 42, 1137-1141. Keywords: bead–phenol–chloroform method; cyanobacteria; RNA extraction; xanthogenate–SDS–phenol method Strain(s): 33, 39, 230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00263.x Yukino, T., Hayashi, M., Inoue, Y., Imamura, J., Nagano, N., Murata, H. 2005 Preparation of docosahexaenoic acid fortified Spirulina platensis and its lipid and fatty acid compositions. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 71, 74-79 (in Japanese with English summary). Keywords: docosahexaenoic acid; DHA; Spirulina; foods with function claims Strain(s): 39 Lu, J., Takeuchi, T. 2004 Spawning and egg quality of the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed solely on raw Spirulina throughout three generations. Aquaculture, 234, 625-640. Keywords: Closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system (CERAS); egg quality; larval quality; Oreochromis niloticus; parent; progeny; reproduction; spawn; Spirulina platensis Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.12.027 Lu, J., Takeuchi, T., Satoh, H. 2004 Ingestion and assimilation of three species of freshwater algae by larval tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 238, 437-449. Keywords: carbon assimilation; closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system (CERAS); Chlorella; 14C labeling; Euglena; ingestion; Oreochromis niloticus; Spirulina Strain(s): 39, 48, 641 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.002 Seo, P-S., Yokota, A. 2003 The phylogenetic relationships of cyanobacteria inferred from 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoC1 and rpoD1 gene sequences. J. Gen. Appl. Micobiol., 49, 191-203. Keywords: cyanobacteria; gyrB; phylogeny; protein evolution; rpoC1; rpoD1; 16S rDNA Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 25, 39, 104, 2093, 2095, 2128, 3277 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.49.191 Mori, F., Erata, M., Watanabe, M. M. 2002 Cryopreservation of cyanobacteria and green algae in the NIES-Collection. Microbiol. Cult. Coll., 18, 45-55. Keywords: cryopreservation; cyanobacteria; green algae; FDA staining method; NIES-Collection Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 257, 259, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267, 268, 271, 287, 288, 289, 290, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 329, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 349, 351, 359, 360, 361, 362, 375, 378, 379, 380, 382, 384, 385, 390, 394, 396, 397, 398, 415, 416, 418, 419, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 464, 468, 469, 474, 478, 479, 480, 481, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 509, 510, 512, 514, 515, 522, 523, 524, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 604, 610, 628, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 672, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729 Toyomizu, M., Suzuki, K., Kawata, Y., Kojima, H., Akiba, Y. 2001 Effective transformation of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis using electroporation. J. Appl. Phycol., 13, 209-214. Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; cyanobacterium; blue-green alga; electroporation; feed enzyme; poultry; Spirulina; transformation Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1023/A:1011182613761 Watanabe, F., Miyamoto, E., Nakano, Y. 2001 Inactive corrinoid-compound significantly decreases in Spirulina platensis grown in a cobalt-deficient medium. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5685-5688. Keywords: Vitamin B12; pseudovitamin B12; algal health food; spirulina tablet; intrinsic facto Strain(s): 39 PubMed: 11714378 DOI: 10.1021/jf010733i Lee, K.-Y., Park, J.-H., Park, B.-S. 1996 CO₂ fixation and SCP production using blue green algae. Theories and Applications of Chem. Eng. (Korea), 2, 489-492 (in Korean with English title). Strain(s): 19, 39, 46 Sasaki, K., Marquez, F. J., Nishio, N., Nagai, S. 1995 Promotive effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the growth and photosynthesis of Spirulina platensis. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 453-457. Keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; Spirulina platensis; phycocyanin; chlorophyll Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1016/0922-338X(95)91261-3 Miya, A., Adachi, T., Tazawa, R., Suzuki, S., Kanki, R., Toyobe, M., Oguchi, M. 1994 Gas revitalization by microalgae II. CO₂/O₂ gas exchange system. CELSS J., 7, 29-34 (in Japanese with English summary). Keywords: microalgae; CO2/O2 gas exchange system; regenerative life support system Strain(s): 39 Suzuki, S., Tazawa, R., Miya, A., Adachi, T., Kanki, R., Toyobe, M., Oguchi, M. 1994 Gas revitalization by microalgae. I. Studies on species and culture condition. CELSS J., 7, 23-28 (in Japanese with English summary). Keywords: microalgae; Spirulina; SOT medium; culture condition; CO²/O² gas exchange system Strain(s): 39, 45, 46 Ohmori, K., Hirose, M., Ohmori, M. 1993 An increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP triggers formation of an algal mat by the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Plant Cell Physiol., 34, 169-171. Keywords: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae); cyclic AMP; motility; Spirulina platensis Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078394 Hirano, M., Mori, H., Miura, Y., Matsunaga, N., Nakamura, N., Matsunaga, T. 1990 γ-ｌinolenic acid production by microalgae. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 24/25, 183-191. Keywords: g-linolenic acid; Spirulina platensis; green algae; lipid; marine microalgae Strain(s): 39 DOI: 10.1007/BF02920244 Ohmori, K., Ohmori, M. 1988 Ammonium assimilation in the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. Jpn. J. Phycol. (Sôrui), 36, 12-16. Strain(s): 39 Asada, Y., Kawamura, S. 1986 Screening for cyanobacteria that evolve molecular hydrogen under dark and anaerobic conditions. J. Ferment. Technol., 64, 553-556. Strain(s): 19, 21, 23, 36, 39, 46, 2119, 3277 DOI: 10.1016/0385-6380(86)90081-6 Watanabe, M. M., Kasai, F., Hiwatari, T., Suda, S., Nei, T. 1984 Cryopreservation of microalgae in liquid nitrogen - Survival of algal cultures after freezing. Jpn. J. Freez. Dry., 30, 23-26 (in Japanese with English title). Strain(s): 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 120, 122, 131, 135, 137, 144, 151, 204, 207, 213, 257, 263, 379, 415, 2219, 2235, 2239, 2579 Hamana, K., Miyagawa, K., Matsuzaki, S. 1983 Occurrence of syn-homospermidine as the major polyamine in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 112, 606-613. Strain(s): 19, 37, 39, 2129, 3275 PubMed: 6405746 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291X(83)91507-3 Ichimura, T., Itoh, T. 1977 17. Preservation methods of microalgae (I) [17. Bisaisôrui no hozonhô (I)]. In Preservation methods of microorganisms [Biseibutsu Hozonhô], Ed. by Nei, T., University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, p. 355-373 (in Japanese without English title). Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 122, 123, 127, 131, 144, 152, 173, 175, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 198, 200, 203, 206, 217, 226, 227, 241, 266, 267, 268, 271, 295, 309, 310, 334, 338, 379, 436, 448, 450, 455, 527 Watanabe, M. M. 1977 Biosystematics in Closterium of sexual unicellular green algae and Calothrix and Spirulina of asexual filamentous blue-green algae, with special reference to the analyses of natural populations. Thesis D. Sci., Hokkaido University, 114 pp., 28 tables, 54 figs. Strain(s): 39, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 261, 262, 266, 268 Watanabe, M. M., Ichimura, T. 1977 Fresh- and salt-water forms of Spirulina platensis in axenic cultures. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Phycol., 25, *Suppl. (Mem. Iss. Yamada),* 371-377. Strain(s): 39, 45, 46

Reference

Kishi, M., Toda, T. 2018 Carbon fixation properties of three alkalihalophilic microalgal strains under high alkalinity. J. Appl. Phycol., 30, 401–410.
Keywords: Algae; Cyanobacteria; Carbon dioxide; Alkalinity; Growth optimization
Strain(s): 39, 2257
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1226-z

Lin, W., Zhao, D., Luo, J. 2018 Distribution of alkaline phosphatase genes in cyanobacteria and the role of alkaline phosphatase on the acquisition of phosphorus from dissolved organic phosphorus for cyanobacterial growth. J. Appl. Phycol., 30, 839-850.
Keywords: Alkaline; phosphatase; Cyanobacteria; Dissolved organic phosphorus; Distribution
Strain(s): 30, 39, 81, 2130, 2549, 3756
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1267-3

Aikawa, S., Inokuma, K., Wakai, S., Sasaki, K., Ogino, C., Chang, J-S., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2018 Direct and highly productive conversion of cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis to ethanol with CaCl₂ addition. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 11, 50 (article ID).
Keywords: Ethanol conversion; Glycogen extraction; Cyanobacteria; Amylase-displaying yeast; Polysaccharide layer; Organic nutrient
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 29492105
DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1050-y

Moten, D., Batsalova, T., Basheva, D., Mladenov, R., Dzhambazov, B., Teneva, I. 2018 Outer membrane efflux protein (OMEP) is a suitable molecular marker for resolving the phylogeny and taxonomic status of closely related cyanobacteria. Phycol. Res., 66, 31-36.
Keywords: cyanobacterial taxonomy; phylogenetic analysis; transmembrane transporter sequences
Strain(s): 39, 843, 2104, 3754, 3755, 3756, 3757
DOI: 10.1111/pre.12203

Motwalli, O., Essack, M., Jankovic, BR., Ji, B., Liu, X., Ansari, HR., Hoehndorf, R., Gao, X., Arold, ST., Mineta, K., Archer, JA., Gojobori, T., Mijakovic, I., Bajic, VB. 2017 In silico screening for candidate chassis strains of free fatty acid-producing cyanobacteria. BMC Genomics, 18, 33 (article ID).
Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Free fatty acids; Biofuel; Screening method; Cell factories; Bioinformatics; Optimization; Computer science
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 2805677
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3389-4

Tadama, S., Shiraishi, H. 2017 Growth of the edible microalga Arthrospira platensis in relation to boron supply. International Journal of GEOMATE, 12, 90-95.
Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Spirulina; Arthrospira platensis; Boron, H-resorcinol
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.21660/2017.30.2580

Reichert,M., Bergmann,S. M., Hwang, J., Buchholz, R., Lindenberger, C. 2017 Antiviral activity of exopolysaccharides from Arthrospira platensis against koi herpesvirus. J. Fish Dis., 40, 1441–1450.
Keywords: antiviral substances; exopolysaccharides; KHVD; koi herpesvirus
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 28422294
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12618

Kerfeld, CA., Melnicki, MR., Sutter M., Dominguez-Martin, MA. 2017 Structure, function and evolution of the cyanobacterial orange carotenoid protein and its homologs. New Phytol., 215, 937-951.
Keywords: carotenoids; carotenoproteins; cyanobacteria; nonphotochemical quenching; photoprotection; phylogenomics; protein structure; singlet oxygen (¹O₂) quenching
Strain(s): 39, 81, 843
PubMed: 28675536
DOI: 10.1111/nph.14670

Silas, S., Makarova, KS., Shmakov, S., Páez-Espino, D., Mohr, G., Liu, Y., Davison, M., Roux, S.9, Krishnamurthy, SR., Fu, BXH., Hansen, LL., Wang, D., Sullivan, MB., Millard, A., Clokie, MR., Bhaya, D., Lambowitz, AM., Kyrpides, NC., Koonin, EV., Fire, AZ. 2017 On the origin of reverse transcriptase using CRISPR-Cas systems and their hyperdiverse, enigmatic spacer repertoires. mBio, 8, e00897-17 (article ID).
Keywords: CRISPR; RNA spacer acquisition; cyanobacteria; deep sequencing; horizontal gene transfer; host-parasite relationship; phylogeny; reverse transcriptase
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 28698278
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00897-17

Nogami, R., Nishida, H., Hong, D. D., Wakisaka, M. 2017 Growth promotion effect of alginate oligosaccharides on Spirulina analyzed by repeated batch culture. J. Jpn. Inst. Energy, 96, 352-356.
Keywords: Alginate oligosaccharides; Anti-oxidation; Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis; Growth promotion; Phycocyanin; Repeated batch culture
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.3775/jie.96.352

Sugiyama, K., Ebisawa, M., Yamada, M., Nagashima, Y., Suzuki, H., Maoka, T., Takaichi, S. 2017 Functional lycopene cyclase (CruA) in cyanobacterium, Arthrospira platensis NIES-39, and its role in carotenoid synthesis. Plant Cell Physiol., 58, 831-838.
Keywords: Arthrospira; Carotenoid; Lycopene cyclase; crtR; cruA; β-Carotene hydroxylase
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 28371918
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx015

Garcia, H. F. L. 2017 Mathematical modelling as a research tool in the cyanobacteria cultivation. PhD thesis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, 101 pp.
Strain(s): 39

Nogami, R., Nishida, H., Hong, D. D., Wakisaka, M. 2016 Growth promotion of Spirulina by steelmaking slag: application of solubility diagram to understand its mechanism. AMB Express, 6, 96 (article ID).
Keywords: Steelmaking slag; Growth promotion; Spirulina; Solubility diagram; Oxidative stress
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 27730571
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0270-4

Shiraishi, H. 2016 Cryopreservation of the edible alkalophilic cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 80, 2051-2057.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; dietary supplements; spirulina; Arthrospira platensis; cryopreservation
Strain(s): 39, 46, 2308
PubMed: 27240586
DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1189320

Andemichael, H., Lee, J. W. 2016 Toxicological study of biofuel ethanol with blue green alga Spirulina platensis. Algal Res., 18, 110-115.
Keywords: Spirulina platensis; Biofuel ethanol; Cyanobacteria; Ethanol tolerance bioassay; Biofuel ethanol toxicological effect
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.032

Misumi, M., Katoh, H., Tomo, T., Sonoike, K. 2016 Relationship between photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching in six species of cyanobacteria reveals species difference in redox state and species commonality in energy dissipation. Plant Cell, 57, 1510-1517.
Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements; Cyanobacteria; Photochemical quenching; Respiration; State transition; Thermal dissipation
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 26712847
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv185

Toyoshima, M., Aikawa, S., Yamagishi, T., Kondo, A., Kawai, H. 2015 A pilot-scale floating closed culture system for the multicellular cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis NIES-39. J. Appl. Phycol., 27, 2191-2202.
Keywords: Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39; Biomass productivity; Floating closed culture system; Modified seawater medium; Outdoor sulture
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-014-0484-2

Shiraishi, H. 2015 Association of heterotrophic bacteria with aggregated Arthrospira platensis exopolysaccharides: implications in the induction of axenic cultures. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 79, 331-341.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; Arthrospira platensis; exopolysaccharides; axenic cultures; Alcian blue
Strain(s): 39, 46
PubMed: 25333502
DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.972333

Yoshikawa, K., Aikawa, S., Kojima, Y., Toya, Y., Furusawa, C., Kondo, A., Shimizu, H. 2015 Construction of a genome-scale metabolic model of Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 and metabolic design for cyanobacterial bioproduction. PLoS One, 10, e0144430 (article ID).
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 26640947
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144430

Aikawa, S., Ho, S-H., Nakanishi, A., Chang, J-S., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2015 Improving polyglucan production in cyanobacteria and microalgae via cultivation design and metabolic engineering. Biotechnol. J., 10, 886-898.
Keywords: Bioethanol; Cyanobacteria; Metabolic engineering; Microalgae; Polyglucan
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 25867926
DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400344

Kamata, K., Piao, Z., Suzuki, S., Fujimori, T., Tajiri, W., Nagai, K., Iyoda, T., Yamada, A., Hayakawa, T., Ishiwara, M., Horaguchi, S., Belay, A., Tanaka, T., Takano, K., Hangyo M. 2014 Spirulina-templated metal microcoils with controlled helical structures for THz electromagnetic responses. Sci Rep, 4, 4919 (article ID).
Strain(s): 39, 46
PubMed: 24815190
DOI: 10.1038/srep04919

Shiraishi, H., Tabuse, Y. 2013 The AplI restriction-modification system in an edible cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39, recognizes the nucleotid sequence 5'-CTGCAG-3'. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 77, 782-788.
Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; Spirulina; restriction enzyme; DNA methyltransferase; edible cyanobacteria
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 23563565
DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120919

Izumi, Y., Aikawa, S., Matsuda, F., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2013 Aqueous size-exclusion chromatographic method for the quantification of cyanobacterial native glycogen. J. Chromatogr. B, 930, 90-97.
Keywords: Size-exclusion chromatography; Native glycogen; Qantitative analysis; Polyhydroxy methacrylate; Microalgae; Arthrospira platensis
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 23727872
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.037

Hasunuma, T., Kikuyama, F., Matsuda, M., Aikawa, S., Izumi, Y., Kondo, A. 2013 Dynamic metabolic profiling of cyanobacterial glycogen biosynthesis under conditions of nitrate depletion. J. Exp. Bot., 64, 2943-2954.
Keywords: ¹³C; cyanobacteria; glycogen; in vivo labelling; metabolic turnover; metabolomics
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 23658429
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert134

Aikawa, S., Joseph, A., Yamada, R., Izumi, Y., Yamagishi, T., Matsuda, F., Kawai, H., Chang, J.-S., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A. 2013 Direct conversion of Spirulina to ethanol without pretreatment or enzymatic hydrolysis processes. Energ. Environ. Sci., 6, 1844-1849.
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1039/C3EE40305J

Miklaszewska, M., Waleron, M., Morin, N., Calusinska, M., Wilmotte, A., De Marsac, NT., Rippka, R., Waleron, K. 2012 Elucidation of the gas vesicle gene clusters in cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira (Oscillatoriales, Cyanophyta) and correlation with ITS phylogeny. Eur. J. Phycol., 47, 233-244.
Keywords: Arthrospira; cyanobacteria; gas vacuoles; gas vesicles; gvpA; gvpC; gvpN; internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2012.692817

Choi, G-G., Ahn, C-Y., Oh, H-M. 2012 Phylogenetic relationships of Arthrospira strains inferred from 16S rRNA gene and cpcBA-IGS sequences. Algae, 27, 75-82.
Keywords: Arthrospira (Spirulina); cpcBA-IGS; phylogenetic analysis; 16S rRNA gene
Strain(s): 39, 46
DOI: 10.4490/algae.2012.27.2.075

Aikawa, S., Izumi, Y., Matsuda, F., Hasunuma, T., Chang, J.-S., Kondo, A. 2012 Synergistic enhancement of glycogen production in Arthrospira platensis by optimization of light intensity and nitrate supply. Bioresour. Technol., 108, 211-215.
Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; Glycogen; Cyanobacteria; Light intensity; Nitrogen starvation
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.004

Yoshikawa, T., Ikeda, Y., Sakata, T., Maeda, H. 2011 Cloning and analysis of the ggpS gene from cyanobacteria Arthrospira spp. involved in the synthesis of an osmolyte glucosylglycerol. Biocontrol Science, 16, 55-61.
Keywords: Arthrospira; ggpS; Glucosylglycerol; Osmolyte; Synechococcus
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 21719990
DOI: 10.4265/bio.16.55

Fujisawa, T., Narikawa, R., Okamoto, S., Ehira, S., Yoshimura, H., Suzuki, I., Masuda, T., Mochimaru, M., Takaichi, S., Awai, K., Sekine, M., Horikawa, H., Yashiro, I., Omata, S., Takarada, H., Katano, Y., Kosugi, H., Tanikawa, S., Ohmori, K., Sato, N.,Ikeuchi, M., Fujita, N., Ohmori, M. 2010 Genomic structure of an economically important cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39. DNA Res., 17, 85-103.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; Arthrospira; health supplement; genome; cAMP
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 20203057
DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsq004

Tanioka, Y., Miyamoto, E., Yabuta, Y., Ohnishi, K., Fujita, T., Yamaji, R., Misono, H., Shigeoka, S., Nakano, Y., Inui, H., Watanabe, F. 2010 Methyladeninylcobamide functions as the cofactor of methionine synthase in a cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis NIES-39. FEBS Lett., 584, 3223-3226.
Keywords: adeninylcobamide; cobalamin; cyanobacteria; methionine synthase; pseudovitamine B12; Spirulina platensis
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.013

Kim, C.-J., Jung, Y.-H., Ahn, C.-Y., Lee, Y.-K., Oh, H.-M. 2010 Adsorption of turbid materials by the cyanobacterium Phormidium parchydematicum. J. Appl. Phycol., 22, 181-186.
Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; Clay; Cyanobacteria; Phormidium parchydematicum; Turbid material
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-009-9440-y

Lu, J., Satoh, H., Takeuchi, T. 2008 Development of models of threshold and efficient algal densities for larval and juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on raw Spirulina. Aquaculture, 285, 249-254.
Keywords: assimilation; 14C labeling; CERAS (closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system); density; ingestion; Spirulina; Oreochromis niloticus
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.039

Kim, C.-J., Hung, Y.-H., Oh, H.-M, 2007 Factors indicating culture status during cultivation of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. J. Microbiol., 45, 122-127.
Keywords: coil number; culture status; syanobacteria; floating activity; Spirulona platensis
Strain(s): 39, 46
PubMed: 17483796

Lu, J., Takeuchi, T., Satoh, H. 2006 Ingestion, assimilation and utilization of raw Spirulina by larval tilapia Oreochromis niloticus during larval development. Aquaculture, 254, 686-692.
Keywords: assimilation; 14C labeling; CERAS (closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system); ingestion; Spirulina; Oreochromis niloticus
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.002

Kim, B.-H., Oh, H.-M., Lee, Y.-K., Choi, G.-G., Ahn, C.-y., Yoon, B.-D., Kim, H.-S., 2006 Simple method for RNA preparation from cyanobacteria. J. Phycol., 42, 1137-1141.
Keywords: bead–phenol–chloroform method; cyanobacteria; RNA extraction; xanthogenate–SDS–phenol method
Strain(s): 33, 39, 230
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00263.x

Yukino, T., Hayashi, M., Inoue, Y., Imamura, J., Nagano, N., Murata, H. 2005 Preparation of docosahexaenoic acid fortified Spirulina platensis and its lipid and fatty acid compositions. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 71, 74-79 (in Japanese with English summary).
Keywords: docosahexaenoic acid; DHA; Spirulina; foods with function claims
Strain(s): 39

Lu, J., Takeuchi, T. 2004 Spawning and egg quality of the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed solely on raw Spirulina throughout three generations. Aquaculture, 234, 625-640.
Keywords: Closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system (CERAS); egg quality; larval quality; Oreochromis niloticus; parent; progeny; reproduction; spawn; Spirulina platensis
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.12.027

Lu, J., Takeuchi, T., Satoh, H. 2004 Ingestion and assimilation of three species of freshwater algae by larval tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 238, 437-449.
Keywords: carbon assimilation; closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system (CERAS); Chlorella; 14C labeling; Euglena; ingestion; Oreochromis niloticus; Spirulina
Strain(s): 39, 48, 641
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.002

Seo, P-S., Yokota, A. 2003 The phylogenetic relationships of cyanobacteria inferred from 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoC1 and rpoD1 gene sequences. J. Gen. Appl. Micobiol., 49, 191-203.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; gyrB; phylogeny; protein evolution; rpoC1; rpoD1; 16S rDNA
Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 25, 39, 104, 2093, 2095, 2128, 3277
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.49.191

Mori, F., Erata, M., Watanabe, M. M. 2002 Cryopreservation of cyanobacteria and green algae in the NIES-Collection. Microbiol. Cult. Coll., 18, 45-55.
Keywords: cryopreservation; cyanobacteria; green algae; FDA staining method; NIES-Collection
Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 257, 259, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267, 268, 271, 287, 288, 289, 290, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 329, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 349, 351, 359, 360, 361, 362, 375, 378, 379, 380, 382, 384, 385, 390, 394, 396, 397, 398, 415, 416, 418, 419, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 464, 468, 469, 474, 478, 479, 480, 481, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 509, 510, 512, 514, 515, 522, 523, 524, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 604, 610, 628, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 672, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729

Toyomizu, M., Suzuki, K., Kawata, Y., Kojima, H., Akiba, Y. 2001 Effective transformation of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis using electroporation. J. Appl. Phycol., 13, 209-214.
Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; cyanobacterium; blue-green alga; electroporation; feed enzyme; poultry; Spirulina; transformation
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1023/A:1011182613761

Watanabe, F., Miyamoto, E., Nakano, Y. 2001 Inactive corrinoid-compound significantly decreases in Spirulina platensis grown in a cobalt-deficient medium. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5685-5688.
Keywords: Vitamin B12; pseudovitamin B12; algal health food; spirulina tablet; intrinsic facto
Strain(s): 39
PubMed: 11714378
DOI: 10.1021/jf010733i

Lee, K.-Y., Park, J.-H., Park, B.-S. 1996 CO₂ fixation and SCP production using blue green algae. Theories and Applications of Chem. Eng. (Korea), 2, 489-492 (in Korean with English title).
Strain(s): 19, 39, 46

Sasaki, K., Marquez, F. J., Nishio, N., Nagai, S. 1995 Promotive effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the growth and photosynthesis of Spirulina platensis. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 453-457.
Keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; Spirulina platensis; phycocyanin; chlorophyll
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1016/0922-338X(95)91261-3

Miya, A., Adachi, T., Tazawa, R., Suzuki, S., Kanki, R., Toyobe, M., Oguchi, M. 1994 Gas revitalization by microalgae II. CO₂/O₂ gas exchange system. CELSS J., 7, 29-34 (in Japanese with English summary).
Keywords: microalgae; CO2/O2 gas exchange system; regenerative life support system
Strain(s): 39

Suzuki, S., Tazawa, R., Miya, A., Adachi, T., Kanki, R., Toyobe, M., Oguchi, M. 1994 Gas revitalization by microalgae. I. Studies on species and culture condition. CELSS J., 7, 23-28 (in Japanese with English summary).
Keywords: microalgae; Spirulina; SOT medium; culture condition; CO²/O² gas exchange system
Strain(s): 39, 45, 46

Ohmori, K., Hirose, M., Ohmori, M. 1993 An increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP triggers formation of an algal mat by the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Plant Cell Physiol., 34, 169-171.
Keywords: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae); cyclic AMP; motility; Spirulina platensis
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078394

Hirano, M., Mori, H., Miura, Y., Matsunaga, N., Nakamura, N., Matsunaga, T. 1990 γ-ｌinolenic acid production by microalgae. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 24/25, 183-191.
Keywords: g-linolenic acid; Spirulina platensis; green algae; lipid; marine microalgae
Strain(s): 39
DOI: 10.1007/BF02920244

Ohmori, K., Ohmori, M. 1988 Ammonium assimilation in the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. Jpn. J. Phycol. (Sôrui), 36, 12-16.
Strain(s): 39

Asada, Y., Kawamura, S. 1986 Screening for cyanobacteria that evolve molecular hydrogen under dark and anaerobic conditions. J. Ferment. Technol., 64, 553-556.
Strain(s): 19, 21, 23, 36, 39, 46, 2119, 3277
DOI: 10.1016/0385-6380(86)90081-6

Watanabe, M. M., Kasai, F., Hiwatari, T., Suda, S., Nei, T. 1984 Cryopreservation of microalgae in liquid nitrogen - Survival of algal cultures after freezing. Jpn. J. Freez. Dry., 30, 23-26 (in Japanese with English title).
Strain(s): 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 120, 122, 131, 135, 137, 144, 151, 204, 207, 213, 257, 263, 379, 415, 2219, 2235, 2239, 2579

Hamana, K., Miyagawa, K., Matsuzaki, S. 1983 Occurrence of syn-homospermidine as the major polyamine in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 112, 606-613.
Strain(s): 19, 37, 39, 2129, 3275
PubMed: 6405746
DOI: 10.1016/0006-291X(83)91507-3

Ichimura, T., Itoh, T. 1977 17. Preservation methods of microalgae (I) [17. Bisaisôrui no hozonhô (I)]. In Preservation methods of microorganisms [Biseibutsu Hozonhô], Ed. by Nei, T., University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, p. 355-373 (in Japanese without English title).
Strain(s): 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 122, 123, 127, 131, 144, 152, 173, 175, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 198, 200, 203, 206, 217, 226, 227, 241, 266, 267, 268, 271, 295, 309, 310, 334, 338, 379, 436, 448, 450, 455, 527

Watanabe, M. M. 1977 Biosystematics in Closterium of sexual unicellular green algae and Calothrix and Spirulina of asexual filamentous blue-green algae, with special reference to the analyses of natural populations. Thesis D. Sci., Hokkaido University, 114 pp., 28 tables, 54 figs.
Strain(s): 39, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 261, 262, 266, 268

Watanabe, M. M., Ichimura, T. 1977 Fresh- and salt-water forms of Spirulina platensis in axenic cultures. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Phycol., 25, Suppl. (Mem. Iss. Yamada), 371-377.
Strain(s): 39, 45, 46

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