Strain number NIES-293  
Phylum Heterokontophyta  
Class Raphidophyceae  
Scientific name Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada ex Y.Hara & Chihara  
Synonym Entomosigma akashiwo Y.Hada; Chattonella akashiwo (Y.Hada) Loeblich III 1979; Olisthodiscus carterae Hulburt 1965; Heterosigma inlandica Hada 1968; Chattonella inlandica (Y.Hada) Loeblich III & Fine 1977; Heterosigma carterae (Hulbert) F.J.R.Taylor 1992  
Former name  
Common name  
Locality (Date of collection) Onagawa Bay, Miyagi, Japan (1984-08-28)  
Latitude / Longitude 38.438721 / 141.457214 
Habitat (Isolation source) Marine (Seawater)  
History < Suda, Shoichiro  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Suda, Shoichiro (1984-09-01)  
Identified by Suda, Shoichiro  
State of strain Subculture; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic[2018 Feb]  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  f/2  
Temperature:  20 C
Light intensity:  31 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  20 D  
Gene information Plastid DNA ( EU168190 ) , 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S ( DQ470658 ) , CO1 ( AB334512 ) , rbcL ( AB334439 )  
Cell size (min - max)  
Organization Unicellular; Flagellate 
Characteristics Red tide ; Genome decoded strain (Cattolico, R. A. et al. 2008)  
Other strain no. Other strain no. : 8280G21-1  
Remarks Fragile species to transportation stresses; Read and agree "How to order 4.1"; Axenic 
Movie  
Reference
Kim, J.-H., Park, B. S., Kim, J. H. 2023 Comprehensive understanding of the life history of harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo: Integrating in situ and in vitro observations. Harmful Algae, 129, 102521 (article ID).
Keywords: Heterosigma akashiwo; Harmful alga; Raphidophyceae; Life history; Life cycle; Sexual reproduction; Hologamete; Homothallism; Zygote (large cell); Multiple cells; Cell cluster; Cyst cluster
Strain(s): 5293 
PubMed: 37951620
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102521

Sako, Y. 2019 Ecophysiological studies of marine microorganisms by genome information. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 85, 281-290 (in Japanese).
Strain(s): 1712293559603670 
DOI: 10.2331/suisan.WA2633

Mitani, E., Nakayama, F., Matsuwaki, I., Ichi, I., Kawabata, A., Kawachi, M., Kato, M. 2017 Fatty acid composition profiles of 235 strains of three microalgal divisions within the NIES Microbial Culture Collection. Microb. Resour. Syst., 33, 19-29.
Keywords: Cryptophyta; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; fatty acid; Haptophyta; Heterokontophyta; microalgae
Strain(s): 1891415177111522322523323426527427527627727827928028128228429332332433033334434534634734835035337237738839139540740840941341441746146246648753454855355655755855956056258758858959060360562262369569669769869970070170270370470570670770870971071171271371471571674176576676780583799710011002100310041005100610071009101110161017104410451046104713021303132413271330133913401349135313701375137613791383138413851386138713911392139313951398139914001401169917001730181318151816182618271831186218631864186518741963196419651974197519762142214321442145214721482300233123322351236323642365236923702376250625332534253525362537259026332668268926902691269326942696269727072716271727182720272227232725272627292730273127322770277127722773283928402841284228432844285928722878289028993391368936903691 

Hunsperger, H. M., Randhawa, T., Cattolico, R. A. 2015 Extensive horizontal gene transfer, duplication, and loss of chlorophyll synthesis genes in the algae. BMC Evol. Biol., 15, 16 (article ID).
Keywords: Chlorophyll synthesis; Horizontal gene transfer; Endosymbiotic gene transfer; Gene duplication; Algae; Protochlorophyllide
Strain(s): 29336048413632140 
PubMed: 25887237
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0286-4

Saijo, H., Tsuruta, K., Kusumoto, N., Ashitani, T., Takahashi, K. 2013 Growth inhibition activities of Sugi bark components against Heterosigma akashiwo. J. Wood Sci., 59, 238-242.
Keywords: Sugi bark; Extract; Inhibition activity; Red tide plankton; Heterosigma akashiwo
Strain(s): 293 
DOI: 10.1007/s10086-013-1328-4

Yang, EC., Boo, GH., Kim, HJ., Cho, SM., Boo, SM., Andersen, R. A., Yoon, HS. 2012 Supermatrix data highlight the phylogenetic relationships of photosynthetic Stramenopiles. Protist, 163, 217-231.
Keywords: Heterokont algae; molecular phylogenetic analysis; multigene phylogeny; reduced flagellar clade; stramenochromes
Strain(s): 29362271618631864 
PubMed: 22001261
DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.08.001

Park, B. S., Baek, S. H., Ki, J.-S., Cattolico, R. A., Han, M.-S. 2012 Assessment of EvaGreen-based quantitative real-time PCR assay for enumeration of the microalgae Heterosigma and Chattonella (Raphidophyceae). J. Appl. Phycol., 24, 1555-1567.
Keywords: Raphidophyceae; Quantitative real-time PCR; EvaGreen; Field application
Strain(s): 293 
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-012-9816-2

Demura, M., Noël, M.-H., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M., Kawachi, M. 2009 Taxonomic revision of Chattonella antiqua, C. marina and C. ovata (Raphidophyceae) based on their morphological characteristics and genetic diversity. Phycologia, 48, 518-535.
Keywords: Chattonella antiqua; Chattonella marina; Chattonella ovata; COI; COX1; Genetic diversity; ITS; Microsatellite; Morphology; Phylogeny; Population; Raphidophyceae; rbcL; Speciation; Taxonomy
Strain(s): 123569101483848511311411611814616129355756160367171684919741975197619771978198019811982198319841986238323842385238623872388238923912392239323942395239623972398239924002401240224032404240524062407 
DOI: 10.2216/08-98.1

Cattolico, R. A., Jacobs, M. A., Zhou, Y., Chang, J., Duplessis, M., Lybrand, T., McKay, J., Ong, H. C., Sims, E., Rocap, G. 2008 Chloroplast genome sequencing analysis of Heterosigma akashiwo CCMP452 (West Atlantic) and NIES293 (West Pacific) strains. BMC Genomics, 9, 211-230.
Strain(s): 293 
PubMed: 18462506
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-211

Ki, J.-S. & Han, M.-S. 2007 Nuclear rDNA and chloroplast rbcL, rbcS and IGS sequence data, and their implications from the Japanese, Korean, and North American harmful algae, Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae). Environ. Res., 103, 299-304.
Keywords: Heterosigma akashiwo; blooms; nuclear rDNA; rbcS; IGS
Strain(s): 293 
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.014

Hosoi-Tanabe, S. & Sako, Y. 2005 Species-specific detection and quantification of toxic marine Dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and A. catenella by reai-time PCR assay. Mar. Biotechnol., 7, 506-514.
Keywords: toxic dinoflagellate; — Alexandrium; paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP); real-time PCR; species-specific identification; quantification
Strain(s): 1712293331559603670 
PubMed: 16007374
DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-4128-4

Takeda, F., Sakamaki, T., Xu, K., Chiba, N., Nishimura, O., Sudo, R. 2003 Effect of potential allelochemicals extracted from Sargassum horneri on the growth of red tide microalgae. J. Environ. Syst. and Eng., JSCE, VII-29, 25-32.
Keywords: Sargassum horneri; red tide microalgae; growth inhibition; allelochemicals
Strain(s): 116293 
DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2003.748_25

Connell, L. & Cattolico, R. A. 1996 Fragile algae: axenic culture of field-collected samples of Heterosigma carterae. Mar. Biol., 125, 421-426.
Strain(s): 293 
DOI: 10.1007/BF00346322

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