Strain number NIES-103  
Phylum Cyanophyta  
Class Cyanophyceae  
Scientific name Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Lemmermann  
Synonym Microcystis ichthyoblabe Kützing; Microcystis novacekii (Komárek) Compère; Microcystis viridis (A.Brown) Lemmermann; Microcystis wesenbergii Komárek  
Former name Microcystis viridis (A.Brown) Lemmermann  
Common name Blue-green alga ; Cyanobacteria  
Locality (Date of collection) Lake Kasumigaura, Ibaraki, Japan (1978-12-**)  
Latitude / Longitude 36.0428477398 / 140.373233439 
Habitat (Isolation source) Freshwater (Lake water)  
History < TAC;  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Watanabe, Masayuki (1978-12-**)  
Identified by Watanabe, Masayuki  
State of strain Cryopreservation; Unialgal; Clonal; Non-axenic  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  MA  
Temperature:  25 C
Light intensity:  13-16 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  1 M  
Gene information 16S rRNA ( AB038530 ) , 16S-23S ITS ( AB015399 ) , 16S-23S-ITS ( AB254444 ) , gyrB ( AB014974 ) , mcnC, mcnE ( AB481221 ) , mcyA ( AB110107 ) , mcyD ( AB110118 ) , mcyG ( AB110129 ) , mcyJ ( AB110140 ) , ITS ( AB015399 ) , rpoC1 ( AB333830 ) , promoter region between mcyA and mcyD ( AB254425 )  
Cell size (min - max)  
Organization  
Characteristics Cyanobacterial water bloom (aoko) ; Toxicity ; microcystin (+) (Tanabe et al. 2009b) ; ST10 (Tanabe et al. 2007)  
Other strain no. Other strain no. : TAC 44 (K-TAN-44)  
Remarks Cryopreserved; Toxicity 
Movie  
Reference
Lv, X., Cheng, Y., Zhang, S., Hu, Z., Xiao, P., Zhang, H., Geng, R., Renhui, L. 2022 Polyphasic characterization and taxonomic evaluation of a bloom-forming strain morphologically Rresembling Radiocystis fernandoi (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) from Lake Erhai, China. Diversity-Basel, 14, 816 (article ID).
Keywords: bloom; Microcystis; phylogeny; polyphasic approach; Radiocystis fernandoi; taxonomy
Strain(s): 102103111 
DOI: 10.3390/d14100816

Asukabe, H., Akahori, S., Ueno, E., Nakayama, T., Yamashita, R., Arii, S., Harada, K., Imanishi, S. Y. 2020 Cyanobacterial classification with the toxicity using MALDI Biotyper. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 31, 1572-1578.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; MALDI Biotyper; microcystins; profiling
Strain(s): 27394273818789100101102103104105107111112207208230266298416433478510512515592593604611808809835843846847905928931932945981989102510431058106110641068106910711076108510991101110511131115112611331134113511441157121516421643165216681672167316771678169820872131241226653708373337343736375537563757 
PubMed: 32501712
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00148

Tanabe, Y., Hodoki, Y., Sano, T., Tada, K., Watanabe, MM. 2018a Adaptation of the freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to brackish water is driven by recent horizontal transfer of sucrose genes. Front. Microbiol., 9, 1150 (article ID).
Keywords: Microcystis; bloom; salt tolerance; sucrose; genomics; brackish water; horizontal gene trasnfer; ecotype
Strain(s): 4487888990919899100101102103104105107108109112298299478604843901105010521059106310671069107010751076108510931094109811001101110211041105110611071108111311141115112211281130113111321134113911411142114311441150117011741175117611771179118111831185121112131214121512321234123812391252208820902091246524662467246824692470247124722473247524762477247824792480248124822483248424852486248724882489249024912492249424952546254725482549255025512552255325542555255625572558255925602561259225942595259625972598259926002601260226032604260526062607260826102611261226132617261826192620262126222623262426252626262826294234 
PubMed: 29922255
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01150

Imanishi, S. Y., Nakayama, T., Asukabe, H., Harada, K. 2017 Application of MALDI Biotyper to cyanobacterial profiling. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 31, 325-332.
Strain(s): 738910210310711229861180880983584398910251043105810711099164216521672 
PubMed: 27862451
DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7793

Anas, A. R. J., Nakajima, A., Naruse, C., Tone, M., Asukabe, H., Harada, K. 2016 Determination of fVIIa-sTF inhibitors in toxic Microcystis cyanobacteria by LC-MS technique. Mar. Drugs, 14, 7 (article ID).
Keywords: cyanobacteria; toxic Microcystis; anticoagulant; fVIIa-sTF inhibitors; peptides; aeruginosins; blood coagulation cascade
Strain(s): 891021031072981025104310581071108510991133 
PubMed: 26729138
DOI: 10.3390/md14010007

Kataoka, T., Homma, T., Nakano, S., Hodoki, Y., Ohbayashi, K., Kondo, R. 2013 PCR primers for selective detection of intra-species variations in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis. Harmful Algae, 23, 46-54.
Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa; Quantitative PCR; 16S-23S rDNA ITS fegion; Selective detection; Intra-species variation
Strain(s): 4487909810110210310711111229860410621070 
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2012.12.003

Tanabe, Y. & Watanabe, M. M. 2011 Local expansion of a panmictic lineage of water bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. PLoS One, 6, e17085 (article ID).
Strain(s): 4487888990919899100101102103104105106107108109110111112298299478604843901105010511052105310541055105610571058105910601061106210631064106510661067106810691070107210751076107710851090109110921093109410951096109710981100110111021103110411051106110711081113111411151122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149115011511152115311551156115711591160116111621163116411701171117211731174117511761177117911801181118311841185118612091211121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245125112521253125420882089209020912465246624672468246924702471247224732474247524762477247824792480248124822483248424852486248724882489249024912492249324942495249625422543254425452546254725482549255025512552255325542555255625572558255925602561259125922593259425952596259725982599260026012602260326042605260626072608260926102611261226132617261826192620262126222623262426252626262726282629 
PubMed: 21390221
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017085

Tanabe, Y., Sano, T., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M. 2009b Recombination, cryptic clades and neutral molecular divergence of the microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. BMC Evol. Biol., 9, 115 (article ID).
Strain(s): 44878889909198991001011021031041051061071081091101111122982994786048439011050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701072107510761077108510901091109210931094109510961097109811001101110211031104110511061107110811131114111511221123112411251126112711281129113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115511561157115911601161116211631164117011711172120912111213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451251125212531254246524662467246924702471247224732474247524762477247824792561 
PubMed: 19463155
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-115

Harada, K-I., Ozaki, K., Tsuzuki, S., Kato, H., Hasegawa, M., Kuroda, E. K., Arii, S., Tsuji, K. 2009 Blue color formation of cyanobacteria with b-cyclocitral. J. Chem. Ecol., 35, 1295-1301.
Keywords: b-cyclocitral; cyanobacteria; lysis; blue color formation; acid stress
Strain(s): 73102103112298611808 
PubMed: 19936836
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-009-9706-5

Ha, K., Takamura, N., Jang, M.-H. 2009 Microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to phytoplanktivorous and omnivorous fish at different kairomone concentrations. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 83, 761-765.
Keywords: microcystin; kairomone; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; Carassius gibelio langsdorfi
Strain(s): 89103107 
PubMed: 19669611
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9841-2

Jang, M.-H., Ha, K., Takamura, N. 2008 Microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to different stages of herbivorous zooplankton. Toxicon, 51, 882-889.
Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa; induced defense; different stages of zooplankton; infochemicals; intracellular microcystin; extracellular microcystin
Strain(s): 8898103107 
PubMed: 18243271
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.12.015

Yoshida, M., Yoshida, T., Satomi, M., Takashima, Y., Hosoda, N., Hiroishi, S. 2008 Intra-specific phenotypic and genotypic variation in toxic cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa. J. Appl. Phycol., 105, 407-415.
Keywords: API ZYM; diversity; microcystin; Microcystis; phylogeny; population; taxonomy; toxic; cyanobacteria
Strain(s): 101102103112298604105510581062107010911105 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03754.x

Ozaki, K., Ohta, A., Iwata, C., Horikawa, A., Tsuji, K., Ito, E., Ikai, Y., Harada, K-I. 2008 Lysis of cyanobacteria with volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere, 71, 1531-1538.
Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Lysis; Microorganism; Volatile compound; b-Cyclocitral
Strain(s): 73102103112298 
PubMed: 18179811
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.052

Jang, M.-H., Ha, K., Takamura, N. 2007 Reciprocal allelopathic responses between toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) and duckweed (Lemna japonica). Toxicon, 49, 727-733.
Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing; Lemna japonica Landolg; microcystin; allelochemicals; reciprocal allelopathic responses; growth; eutrophic waters
Strain(s): 103107 
PubMed: 17207510
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.11.017

Tanabe, Y., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M. 2007 Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) reveals high genetic diversity and clonal population structure of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Microbiology, 153, 3695-3703.
Strain(s): 44878889909198991001011021031041051061071081091101111122982994786048439019331050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701072107510761077108510901091109210931094109510961097109811001101110211031104110511061107110811131114111511221123112411251126112711281129113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115511561157115911601161116211631164117011711172120912111213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451251125212531254 
PubMed: 17975077
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/010645-0

Tanabe, Y., Kaya, K., Watanabe, M. M. 2004 Evidence for recombination in the microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes of toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. J. Mol. Evol., 58, 633-641.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; microcystin synthetase; Microcystis; NRPS; recombination; split decomposition
Strain(s): 888990102103107 
PubMed: 15461420
DOI: 10.1007/s00239-004-2583-1

Mori, F., Erata, M., Watanabe, M. M. 2002 Cryopreservation of cyanobacteria and green algae in the NIES-Collection. Microbiol. Cult. Coll., 18, 45-55.
Keywords: cryopreservation; cyanobacteria; green algae; FDA staining method; NIES-Collection
Strain(s): 192122232425262728293031323334353637383940414445465051525354555658596061626364656667686970737475767778798081878990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112119120122123125127128129130131132133134135137138139144147151152153154155156157158159160162163164165166167168170171172173174175176177178179180181182183185186187188189191192193194197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217224226227228229230231232241242243244245246248257259261262263266267268287288289290294295297298299300301302303305306308309310312313329334337338339340341342349351359360361362375378379380382384385390394396397398415416418419421422423424425426427428429430431432433434436437438439440446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460464468469474478479480481503504505506507509510512514515522523524527528529530531532536537538539540541542543544545546564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585592593594595596597598604610628630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667672685686687688689690691692693694717718719720721722723724725726727728729 

Metcalf, J. S., Bell, S. G., Codd, G. A. 2000 Production of novel polyclonal antibodies against the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR and their application for the detection and quantification of microcystins and nodularin. Water Res., 34, 2761-2769.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; blue-green algae; microcystin; toxins; antibodies; immunoassays
Strain(s): 42102103104595 
DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00429-7

Kodani, S., Ishida, K., Murakami, M. 1998 Aeruginosin 103-A, a thrombin inhibitor from the cyanobactrium Microcystis viridis. J. Nat. Prod., 61, 1046-1048.
Strain(s): 103 
PubMed: 9722497
DOI: 10.1021/np980106w

Murakami, M., Kodani, S., Ishida, K., Matsuda, H., Yamaguchi, K. 1997 Micropeptin 103, a chymotrypsin inhibitor from the cyanobacterium Microcystis viridis (NIES-103). Tetrahedron Letters, 38, 3035-3038.
Strain(s): 103 
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(97)00528-5

Ward, C. J., Beattie, K. A., Lee, E. Y. C., Codd, G. A. 1997 Colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition assay of laboratory strains and natural blooms of cyanobacteria: comparisons with high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis for microcystins. FEMS Mircobiol. Lett., 153, 465-473.
Keywords: Microcystin; Protein phosphatase; Cyanobacteria; High-performance liquid chromatography
Strain(s): 42102103104298595 
PubMed: 9271876
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12611.x

Watanabe, M. F., Oishi, S., Harada, K-I., Matsuura, K., Kawai, H., Suzuki, M. 1988 Toxins contained in Microcystis species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Toxicon, 26, 1017-1025.
Strain(s): 103112105910843349 
PubMed: 3149802
DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(88)90200-0

Watanabe, M. F., Oishi, S., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, M. 1986 Strong probability of lethal toxicity in the blue-green alga Microcystis viridis Lemmermann. J. Phycol., 22, 552-556.
Strain(s): 981001011031122981053105410551058105910671091 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1986.tb02502.x

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