Strain number NIES-89  
Phylum Cyanophyta  
Class Cyanophyceae  
Scientific name Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Lemmermann  
Synonym Microcystis ichthyoblabe Kützing; Microcystis novacekii (Komárek) Compère; Microcystis viridis (A.Brown) Lemmermann; Microcystis wesenbergii Komárek  
Former name Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Lemmermann f. aeruginosa  
Common name Blue-green alga ; Cyanobacteria  
Locality (Date of collection) Lake Kawaguchi, Yamanashi, Japan (1981-06-**)  
Latitude / Longitude 35.5130910551 / 138.748515637 
Habitat (Isolation source) Freshwater (Lake water)  
History < Watanabe, Makoto M.  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Watanabe, Michiko H. (1981-06-**)  
Identified by Watanabe, Michiko H.  
State of strain Cryopreservation; Unialgal; Clonal; Non-axenic  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  MA  
Temperature:  25 C
Light intensity:  20-30 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  1 M  
Gene information 16S rRNA ( U03403 ) , 16S-23S-ITS ( AB254439 ) , 16S rRNA, tRNA-Ile ( AM773539 ) , ftsZ ( AB324853 ) , glnA ( AB324932 ) , gltX ( AB325011 ) , gyrB ( AB325090 ) , mcnC, mcnE ( AB481218 AM773667 ) , mcyA ( AB110104 AJ515459 ) , mcyD ( AB110115 AY424988 ) , mcyE ( AY382530 ) , mcyG ( AB110126 ) , mcyJ ( AB110137 ) , mdnB ( FN668541 ) , cpcB, cpcA ( AB110149 ) , pgi ( AB325169 ) , recA ( AB325248 ) , tpi ( AB325327 ) , promoter region between mcyA and mcyD ( AB254422 )  
Cell size (min - max)  
Organization  
Characteristics Cyanobacterial water bloom (aoko) ; Toxicity ; microcystin (+) (Tanabe et al. 2009b) ; ST4 (Tanabe et al. 2007)  
Other strain no. Other strain no. : KW-MA2-5  
Remarks Cryopreserved; Toxicity 
Movie  
Reference
Liu, J., Zhang, M., Huang, Z., Fang, J., Wang, Z., Zhou, C., Qiu, X. 2023 Diversity, biosynthesis and bioactivity of aeruginosins, a family of cyanobacteria-derived nonribosomal linear tetrapeptides. Mar. Drugs, 21, 217 (article ID).
Keywords: aeruginosins; Choi; biogenesis; structural diversity; nonribosomal polypeptide synthesis; serine protease inhibitory activity
Strain(s): 8998101205298 
PubMed: 37103356
DOI: 10.3390/md21040217

Chia, M. A., Ameh, I., George, K. C., Balogun, E. O., Akinyemi, S. A., Lorenzi, A. S. 2022 Genetic diversity of microcystin producers (cyanobacteria) and microcystin congeners in aquatic resources across Africa: A review paper. Toxins, 10, 772 (article ID).
Keywords: biological risk; cyanobacteria; cyanotoxin; water supply; African continent; molecular markers; mcy genes
Strain(s): 89102298843 
PubMed: 36548605
DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120772

Asukabe, H., Akahori, S., Ueno, E., Nakayama, T., Yamashita, R., Arii, S., Harada, K., Imanishi, S. Y. 2020 Cyanobacterial classification with the toxicity using MALDI Biotyper. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 31, 1572-1578.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; MALDI Biotyper; microcystins; profiling
Strain(s): 27394273818789100101102103104105107111112207208230266298416433478510512515592593604611808809835843846847905928931932945981989102510431058106110641068106910711076108510991101110511131115112611331134113511441157121516421643165216681672167316771678169820872131241226653708373337343736375537563757 
PubMed: 32501712
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00148

Tanabe, Y., Hodoki, Y., Sano, T., Tada, K., Watanabe, MM. 2018a Adaptation of the freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to brackish water is driven by recent horizontal transfer of sucrose genes. Front. Microbiol., 9, 1150 (article ID).
Keywords: Microcystis; bloom; salt tolerance; sucrose; genomics; brackish water; horizontal gene trasnfer; ecotype
Strain(s): 4487888990919899100101102103104105107108109112298299478604843901105010521059106310671069107010751076108510931094109811001101110211041105110611071108111311141115112211281130113111321134113911411142114311441150117011741175117611771179118111831185121112131214121512321234123812391252208820902091246524662467246824692470247124722473247524762477247824792480248124822483248424852486248724882489249024912492249424952546254725482549255025512552255325542555255625572558255925602561259225942595259625972598259926002601260226032604260526062607260826102611261226132617261826192620262126222623262426252626262826294234 
PubMed: 29922255
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01150

Imanishi, S. Y., Nakayama, T., Asukabe, H., Harada, K. 2017 Application of MALDI Biotyper to cyanobacterial profiling. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 31, 325-332.
Strain(s): 738910210310711229861180880983584398910251043105810711099164216521672 
PubMed: 27862451
DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7793

Sun, L.W., Jiang, W.J., Sato, H., Kawachi, M., Lu, X.W. 2016 Rapid classification and identification of Microcystis aeruginosa strains using MALDI-TOF MS and polygenetic analysis. PLoS One, 11, e0156275 (article ID).
Strain(s): 44878889901001011041051071091111124786048439011043105310581061106810691070107210761077108510941099110111041105111311151126113411351144115111571170121112131215121612171218122212241230123212331239 
PubMed: 27227555
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156275

Anas, A. R. J., Nakajima, A., Naruse, C., Tone, M., Asukabe, H., Harada, K. 2016 Determination of fVIIa-sTF inhibitors in toxic Microcystis cyanobacteria by LC-MS technique. Mar. Drugs, 14, 7 (article ID).
Keywords: cyanobacteria; toxic Microcystis; anticoagulant; fVIIa-sTF inhibitors; peptides; aeruginosins; blood coagulation cascade
Strain(s): 891021031072981025104310581071108510991133 
PubMed: 26729138
DOI: 10.3390/md14010007

Tanabe, Y. & Watanabe, M. M. 2011 Local expansion of a panmictic lineage of water bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. PLoS One, 6, e17085 (article ID).
Strain(s): 4487888990919899100101102103104105106107108109110111112298299478604843901105010511052105310541055105610571058105910601061106210631064106510661067106810691070107210751076107710851090109110921093109410951096109710981100110111021103110411051106110711081113111411151122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149115011511152115311551156115711591160116111621163116411701171117211731174117511761177117911801181118311841185118612091211121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245125112521253125420882089209020912465246624672468246924702471247224732474247524762477247824792480248124822483248424852486248724882489249024912492249324942495249625422543254425452546254725482549255025512552255325542555255625572558255925602561259125922593259425952596259725982599260026012602260326042605260626072608260926102611261226132617261826192620262126222623262426252626262726282629 
PubMed: 21390221
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017085

Tanabe, Y., Sano, T., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M. 2009b Recombination, cryptic clades and neutral molecular divergence of the microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. BMC Evol. Biol., 9, 115 (article ID).
Strain(s): 44878889909198991001011021031041051061071081091101111122982994786048439011050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701072107510761077108510901091109210931094109510961097109811001101110211031104110511061107110811131114111511221123112411251126112711281129113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115511561157115911601161116211631164117011711172120912111213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451251125212531254246524662467246924702471247224732474247524762477247824792561 
PubMed: 19463155
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-115

Ha, K., Takamura, N., Jang, M.-H. 2009 Microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to phytoplanktivorous and omnivorous fish at different kairomone concentrations. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 83, 761-765.
Keywords: microcystin; kairomone; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; Carassius gibelio langsdorfi
Strain(s): 89103107 
PubMed: 19669611
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9841-2

Cadel-Six, S., Dauga, C., Castets, A. M., Rippka, R., Bouchier, C., de Marsac, N. T., Welker, M. 2008 Halogenase genes in nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters of Microcystis (Cyanobacteria): sporadic distribution and evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol., 25, 2031-2041.
Keywords: halogenase; cyanopeptolin; aeruginosin; DNA rearrangement; secondary peptide metabolite; chlorination; internal transcribed spacer; phylogeny
Strain(s): 8998101102298 
PubMed: 18614525
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn150

Tanabe, Y., Kasai, F., Watanabe, M. M. 2007 Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) reveals high genetic diversity and clonal population structure of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Microbiology, 153, 3695-3703.
Strain(s): 44878889909198991001011021031041051061071081091101111122982994786048439019331050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701072107510761077108510901091109210931094109510961097109811001101110211031104110511061107110811131114111511221123112411251126112711281129113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115511561157115911601161116211631164117011711172120912111213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451251125212531254 
PubMed: 17975077
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/010645-0

Koskenniemi, K., Lyra, C., Rajaniemi-Wacklin, P., Jokela, J., Sivonen, K. 2007 Quantitative real-time PCR detection of toxic Nodularia cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, 2173-2179.
Strain(s): 8189102 
PubMed: 17277219
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02746-06

Tanabe, Y., Kaya, K., Watanabe, M. M. 2004 Evidence for recombination in the microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes of toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. J. Mol. Evol., 58, 633-641.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; microcystin synthetase; Microcystis; NRPS; recombination; split decomposition
Strain(s): 888990102103107 
PubMed: 15461420
DOI: 10.1007/s00239-004-2583-1

Yoshida, T., Yuki, Y., Lei, S., Chinen, H., Yoshida, M., Kondo, R., Hiroishi, S. 2003 Quantitative detection of toxic strains of the cyanobacterial genus Microcystis by competitive PCR. Microbes Environ., 18, 16-23.
Keywords: competitive PCR; microcystin; Microcystis; peptide synthetase; toxic cyanobacteria
Strain(s): 87888990102104105106108109110111112298299604 
DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.18.16

Mori, F., Erata, M., Watanabe, M. M. 2002 Cryopreservation of cyanobacteria and green algae in the NIES-Collection. Microbiol. Cult. Coll., 18, 45-55.
Keywords: cryopreservation; cyanobacteria; green algae; FDA staining method; NIES-Collection
Strain(s): 192122232425262728293031323334353637383940414445465051525354555658596061626364656667686970737475767778798081878990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112119120122123125127128129130131132133134135137138139144147151152153154155156157158159160162163164165166167168170171172173174175176177178179180181182183185186187188189191192193194197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217224226227228229230231232241242243244245246248257259261262263266267268287288289290294295297298299300301302303305306308309310312313329334337338339340341342349351359360361362375378379380382384385390394396397398415416418419421422423424425426427428429430431432433434436437438439440446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460464468469474478479480481503504505506507509510512514515522523524527528529530531532536537538539540541542543544545546564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585592593594595596597598604610628630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667672685686687688689690691692693694717718719720721722723724725726727728729 

Yuki, Y., Yoshida, T., Hiroishi, S. 2002 Molecular detection of the toxic cyanobacteria [Yûdoku aoko no bunshi-shikibetsu to yosatsu he-no ôyô]. In Series of Fisheries Science Vol. 143, Prevention and Extermination Strategies of Harmful Algal Blooms [Suisan-gaku shirîzu 134, Yûgai-yûdoku sôrui burûmu no yobô to kujo] , Eds. by Hiroishi, S., Imai, I. & Ishimaru, T., Koseisha-Koseikaku, Tokyo, pp. 43-53 (in Japanese).
Strain(s): 738187888990919899100101102104105106108109110111112204230298299604 

Lyra, C., Suomalainen, S., Gugger, M., Vezie, C., Sundman, P., Paulin, L., Sivonen, K. 2001 Molecular characterization of planktic cyanobacteria of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Planktothrix genera. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 51, 13-526.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; 16S rRNA gene; RFLP; sequencing; REP; ERIC
Strain(s): 41447379818998102104 
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-2-513

Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M. 2000 Genetic typing of a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis in Japan using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Plankton Biol. Ecol., 47, 1-6.
Keywords: genetic typing; 16S rDNA; Microcystis; cyanobacteria; phylogenetic analysis
Strain(s): 878889909198991001011021041051061081091101111122982996041055106110681076109010911105112211421164 

Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Komura, M., Yuki, Y., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M. 2000 Molecular taxonomy of a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan, 47, 25-33 (in Japanese with English summary).
Keywords: cyanobacteria; Microcystis; bacterial criteria; molecular analysis
Strain(s): 6878889909198991001011021041051061081091101111122982996041055106110681076109010911105112211421164 

Kondo, R., Yoshida, T., Yuki, Y., Hiroishi, S. 2000 DNA-DNA reassociation among a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus, Microcystis. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50, 767-770.
Keywords: DNA hybridization; DNA G+C content; cyanobacteria; Microcystis
Strain(s): 878998102104111112298604 
PubMed: 10758887
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-2-767

Ishida, K., Okita, Y., Matsuda, H., Okino, T., Murakami, M. 1999 Aeruginosins, protease inhibitors from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Tetrahedron, 55, 10971-10988.
Strain(s): 8998298 
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00621-3

Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M., Hata, Y. 1999 Rapid DNA extraction from a bloom-forming cyanobacterium. Microbes Environ., 14, 157-161.
Keywords: DNA extraction; PCR; Microcystis; cyanobacteria
Strain(s): 878889909198991001011021041051061081091101111122982996041055106110681076109010911105112211421164 
DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.14.157

Kondo, R., Kagiya, G., Yuki, Y., Hiroishi, S., Watanabe, M. 1998 Taxonomy of a bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 64, 291-292 (in Japanese with English title).
Strain(s): 87888990919899100101102104105106107108109110111112298299604 

Li, R., Yokota, A., Sugiyama, J., Watanabe, M., Hiroki, M., Watanabe, M. M. 1998 Chemotaxonomy of planktonic cyanobacteria based on non-polar and 3-hydroxy fatty acid composition. Phycol. Res., 46, 21-28.
Keywords: 3-hydroxy fatty acids; chemotaxonomy; fatty acid; non-polar fatty acids; planktonic cyanobacteria
Strain(s): 2740447678798081878998102104111112204205207298604810821825826 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1835.1998.tb00093.x

Neilan, B. A., Jacobs, D., Goodman, A. E. 1995 Genetic diversity and phylogeny of toxic cyanobacteria determined by DNA polymorphisms within the phycocyanin locus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 3875-3883.
Strain(s): 244041447376788081878998102107111112204207298 
PubMed: 8526499

Neilan, B. A., Hawkins, P. R., Cox, P. T., Goodman, A. E. 1994 Towards a molecular taxonomy for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 45, 869-873.
Keywords: 16S rRNA; PCR; Microcystis; Anabaena; DNA sequence
Strain(s): 417889102107111 
DOI: 10.1071/MF9940869

Neilan, B. A., Cox, P. T., Hawkins, P. R., Goodman, A. E. 1994 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and phylogeny of toxic Microcystis sp. (Cyanobacteria). DNA Seq., 4, 333-337.
Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Microcystis; 165 rRNA gene; DNA sequence; taxonomy; phylogeny
Strain(s): 89 
DOI: 10.3109/10425179409020861

Watanabe, M. M., Suda, S., Kasai, F., Sawaguchi, T. 1985 Axenic cultures of the three species of Microcystis (Cyanophyta = Cyanobacteria). Bull. JFCC, 1, 57-63.
Strain(s): 89102107111298 

Watanabe, M. M., Kasai, F., Hiwatari, T., Suda, S., Nei, T. 1984 Cryopreservation of microalgae in liquid nitrogen - Survival of algal cultures after freezing. Jpn. J. Freez. Dry., 30, 23-26 (in Japanese with English title).
Strain(s): 1819212426293139404144454650737475767780818788899091939598991001011201221311351371441512042072132572633794152219223522392579 

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