Strain number NIES-2160  
Phylum Chlorophyta  
Class Trebouxiophyceae  
Scientific name Parachlorella kessleri (Fott & Nováková) Krienitz, E.H.Hegewald, Hepperle, V.Huss, T.Rohr & M.Wolf  
Synonym Chlorella kessleri Fott & Nováková 1969  
Former name  
Common name Green alga  
Locality (Date of collection) New York City, New York, USA  
Latitude / Longitude 40.703546 /  
Habitat (Isolation source) Freshwater  
History < IAM (2007) < Tsuzuki, Mikio (1988) < Miyachi, Shigetoh (1977) < Schmid, G. H.  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Pratt, R.  
Identified by Confirmed by DNA sequencing at NIES  
State of strain Cryopreservation; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  C (agar)  
Temperature:  20 C
Light intensity:  8-15 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  3 M  
Gene information 18S rRNA ( AB488597 )  
Cell size (min - max)  
Organization Unicellular 
Characteristics Starch production (Nakamura et al. 1982)  
Other strain no. Other collection strain no. : IAM C-531; ATCC 11468; CCAP 211/11H; SAG 211-11h; UTEX 263
 
Remarks Cryopreserved; Axenic 
Movie  
Reference

Strain(s): 244714421462160 

Miyauchi, H., Harada, K., Suzuki, Y., Okada, K., Aoki, M., Umemura, T., Fujiwara,S., Tsuzuki, M. 2021 Development of an algal cell-attached solid surface culture system for simultaneous wastewater treatment and biomass production. Algal Res., 58, 102394 (article ID).
Keywords: Microalgae; Attached cell culture; Wastewater; Phosphorus uptake; Chlorella
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102394

Miyauchi, H., Okada, K., Fujiwara, S., Tsuzuki, M. 2020 Characterization of CO2 fixation on algal biofilms with an infrared gas analyzer and importance of a space-rich structure on the surface. Algal Res., 46, 101814 (article ID).
Keywords: Attached culture; Carbon fixation; Chlorella; Photosynthesis
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101814

Tamamizu, K. & Kumazaki, S. 2019 Spectral microscopic imaging of heterocysts and vegetative cells in two filamentous cyanobacteria based on spontaneous Raman scattering and photoluminescence by 976 nm excitation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg., 1860, 78-88.
Keywords: Heterocystous cyanobacteria; Raman scattering microscopy; Anabaena variabilis; Rivularia; Photosystems; Thylakoid membranes
Strain(s): 20952160 
PubMed: 30414930
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.012

Tsuzuki, M., Okada, K., Isoda, H., Hirano, M., Odaka, T., Saijo, H., Aruga, R., Miyauchi, H., Fujiwara, S. 2019 Physiological properties of photoautotrophic microalgae and cyanobacteria relevant to industrial biomass production. Mar. Biotechnol., 21, 406-415.
Keywords: Algae; Biomass; Chlorella; Culture system; Cyanobacteria; Photosynthesis
Strain(s): 2160 
PubMed: 30927152
DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09890-1

Hasegawa, M., Yoshida, T., Yabuta, M., Terazima, M., Kumazaki, S. 2011 Anti-Stokes fluorescence spectra of chloroplasts in Parachlorella kessleri and maize at room temperature as characterized by near-infrared continuous-wave laser fluorescence microscopy and absorption microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B, 115, 4184-4194.
Strain(s): 2160 
PubMed: 21417246
DOI: 10.1021/jp111306k

Shimonaga, T., Konishi, M., Oyama, Y., Fujiwara, S., Satoh, A., Fujita, N., Colleoni, C., Buléon, A., Putaux, J.-L., Ball, S. G., Yokoyma, A., Hara, Y., Nakamura, Y., Tsuzuki, M. 2008 Variation in Storage α-polyglucans of the Porphyridiales (Rhodophyta). Plant Cell Physiol., 49, 103-116.
Keywords: Amylose; Floridean starch; Glycogen; Porphyridiales; Rhodophyta; Semi-amylopection
Strain(s): 181442505305512138216022582280 
PubMed: 18079144
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm172

Yamamoto, M., Nozaki, H., Miyazawa, Y., Koide, T., Kawano, S. 2003 Relationship between presence of a mother cell wall and speciation in the unicellular microalga Nannochloris (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol., 39, 172-184.
Keywords: 18S rRNA; actin gene; autosporulation; binary fission; budding; Chlorella; Chlorophyta; molecular phylogeny; TBR, tree bisection reconnection
Strain(s): 21602169217321864016 
DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02052.

Yamamoto, M., Nozaki, H., Kawano, S. 2001 Evolutionary relationships among multiple modes of cell division in the genus Nannochloris (Chlorophyta) revealed by genome size, actin gene multiplicity, and phylogeny. J. Phycol., 37, 106-120.
Keywords: actin gene; autosporulation; binary fission; budding; cell division; Chlorophyta; DNA content; genome size; phylogeny; Nannochloris
Strain(s): 21604016 
DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.037001106.x

Furihata, T., Pomprasirt, S., Sakurai, H. 1997 Characteristics of sulfite transport by Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Cell Physiol., 38, 398-403.
Keywords: Chlorella; plasma membrane; sulfite; transport
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029182

Shiraiwa, Y. & Miyachi, S. 1993 Factors controlling induction of carbonic anhydrase and efficiency of photosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris 11h cells. Plant Cell Physiol., 24, 919-923.
Keywords: carbonic anhydrase; Chlorella vulgaris (11h cell); CO2 fixation; photosynthesis
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076596

Shiraiwa, Y., Goyal, A., Tolbert, N. E. 1993 Alkalization of the medium by unicellular green algae during uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon. Plant Cell Physiol., 34, 649-657.
Keywords: alkalization; dissolved inorganic carbon concentrating mechanism; photosynthesis
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078467

Takeda, H. 1993 Chemical composition of cell walls as a taxonomical marker. J. Plant Res., 106, 195-200.
Keywords: anisotropy; cell wall sugar composition; chemotaxonomy; Chlorella; classification; lytic enzyme; rigid wall; ruthenium red
Strain(s): 21602170 
DOI: 10.1007/BF02344585

Kessler, E. & Huss, V. A. R. 1992 Comparative physiology and biochemistry and taxonomic assignment of the Chlorella (Chlorophyceae) strains of the Culture Collection of the University of Texas at Austin. J. Phycol., 28, 550-553.
Keywords: chemotaxonomy; Chlorella; Chlorophyta; UTEX culture collection; utilization for research and biotechnology
Strain(s): 6866872150215121602163216921752176 
DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00550.x

Takeda, H. 1991 Sugar composition of the cell wall and the taxonomy of Chlorella (Chlorophyceae). J. Phycol., 27, 224-232.
Keywords: anisotropy; cell wall sugar composition; chemotaxonomy; Chlorella; Chlorophyta; classification; glucosamine; rigid wall; ruthenium red staining
Strain(s): 21602170 
DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00224.x

Tsuzuki, M., Ohnuma, E., Sato, N., Takaku, T., Kawaguchi, A. 1990 Effects of CO2 concentration during growth on fatty acid composition in microalgae. Plant Physiol., 93, 851-856.
Strain(s): 482093213821602235 
PubMed: 1666759
DOI: 10.1104/pp.93.3.851

Tsuzuki, M. & Miyachi, S. 1989 The function of carbonic anhydrase in aquatic photosynthesis. Aquatic Botany, 34, 85-104.
Strain(s): 20932138216021732235 
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3770(89)90051-X

Grotjohann, N. & Kowallik, W. 1989 Influence of blue light on the activity of phosphofructokinase in Chlorella kessleri. Physiol. Plant., 75, 43-46.
Keywords: blue/UV-photoreceptor; Chlorella kessleri; phosphofructokinase
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb02061.x

Takeda, H. 1988 Classification of Chlorella strains by cell wall sugar composition. Phytochemistry, 27, 3823-3826.
Keywords: Chlorella ellipsoidea; C. fusca; C. kessleri; C. saccharophila; C. sorokiniana; C. vulgaris; Chlorophyta; anisotropy; cell wall sugar composition; chemotaxonomy; Ruthenium Red staining
Strain(s): 226215021602170 
DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(88)83025-5

Kuchitsu, K., Oh-hama, T., Tsuzuki, M., Miyachi, S. 1987 Detection and characterization of acidic compartments (vacuoles) in Chlorella vulgaris 11h cells by 31P-in vivo NMR spectroscopy and cytochemical techniques. Arch. Mikrobiol., 148, 83-87.
Strain(s): 2160 

Miyachi, S. & Miyachi, S. 1987 Some biochemical changes related to starch breakdown induced by blue light illumination and by addition of ammonia to Chlorella cells. Plant Cell Physiol., 28, 309-314.
Keywords: ammonia; adenylates; blue light; Chlorella; orthophosphate; phosphorylase
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077297

Miyachi, S., Tsuzuki, M., Maruyama, I., Ganter, M., Miyachi, S. 1986 Effects of CO2 concentration during growth on the intracellular structure of Chlorella and Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol., 22, 313-319.
Keywords: Chlorella; CO2 concentration; electron microscopy; pyrenoid starch; Scenedesmus
Strain(s): 68721572160217021732280 

Tsuzuki, M. 1986 Transport and fixation of inorganic carbon in the cells of Chlorella vulgaris 11h grown under ordinary air. Plant Cell Physiol., 27, 1233-1240.
Keywords: carbon dioxide; carbonic anhydrase; Chlorella vulgaris; inorganic carbon; photosynthesis
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077220

Aizawa, K. & Miyachi, S. 1986 Carbonic anhydrase and CO2 concentrating mechanisms in microalgae and cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 39, 215-233.
Keywords: aquatic algae; cyanobacteria; photoautotrophs; photorespiration; photosynthesis; transport
Strain(s): 2093216021732235 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01860.x

Hirano, H., Takeda, Y., Iwamura, T. 1986 Unique repetitive sequences of 170 bp in Chlorella. Plant Mol. Biol., 7, 311-317.
Keywords: Chlorella; HaeIII family; repetitive sequence; tandem repeat
Strain(s): 21602170 
PubMed: 24302372
DOI: 10.1007/BF00752903

Miyachi, S., Tsuzuki, M., Aizawa, K. 1985 Factors which enhance photosynthesis in microalgae under limiting CO2 concentrations. In Kinetics of Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in C3-plants. II. Electron Transport, Transport of CO2, Mathematical Models, Eds. by Viil, J. et al., Akademiya Nauka, Estonia SSR, pp. 88-92.
Strain(s): 21602235 

Tsuzuki, M., Miyachi, S., Berry, J. A. 1985 Intercellular accumulation of inortanic carbon and its active species taken up by Chlorella vulgaris 11h. In Inorganic Carbon Uptake by Aquatic Photosynthetic Organisms, Eds. by Lucas, W. J. & Berry, J. A., American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Md, pp. 53-66.
Strain(s): 2160 

Miyachi, S., Tsuzuki, M., Yagawa, Y. 1985 Carbonic anhydrase in various microalgae. In Inorganic Carbon Uptake by Aquatic Photosynthetic Organisms, Eds. by Lucas, W. J. & Berry, J. A., American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Md, pp. 145-154.
Strain(s): 209321602173 

Shiraiwa, Y. & Miyachi, S. 1985 Effects of temperature and CO2 concentration on induction of carbonic anhydrase and changes in efficiency of photosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris 11h. Plant Cell Physiol., 26, 543-549.
Keywords: carbonic anhydrase; Chlorella vulgaris; CO2 concentration; photosynthesis; temperature
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076938

Miyachi, S. & Miyachi, S. 1985 Ammonia induces starch degradation in Chlorella cells. Plant Cell Physiol., 26, 245-252.
Keywords: ammonia effect; Chlorella; dark CO2 fixation; starch degradation; sucrose formation
Strain(s): 6872157216021702173 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076903

Nakamura, Y. & Imamura, M. 1985 Regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Physiol., 78, 601-605.
Strain(s): 2160 
PubMed: 16664290
DOI: 10.1104/pp.78.3.601

Tsuzuki, M., Shimamoto, T., Yang, S. Y., Miyachi, S. 1984 Diversity in intracellular locality, nature, and function of carbonic anhydrase in verious plants. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 429, 238-240.
Strain(s): 6872160216121622170217322352280 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb12341.x

Ohmori, M., Miyachi, S., Okabe, K., Miyachi, S. 1984 Effects of ammonia on respiration, adenylate levels, amino acid synthesis and CO2 fixation in cells of Chlorella vulgaris 11h in darkness. Plant Cell Physiol., 25, 749-756.
Keywords: adenylate level; amino acid; ammonia effect; Chlorella vulgaris; dark CO2 fixation; respiration
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076768

Miyachi, S., Tsuzuki, M., Avramova, S. T. 1983 Utilization modes of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis in various species of Chlorella. Plant Cell Physiol., 24, 441-451.
Keywords: bicarbonate fixation; carbonic anhydrase; Chlorella; photosynthetic CO2-fixation
Strain(s): 6872093215721602173 

Tsuzuki, M. 1983 Mode of HCO3-utilization by the cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under ordinary air. Z. Pflanzenphysiol., 110, 29-37.
Strain(s): 216021702235 

Nakamura, Y. & Imamura, M. 1983 Characterization of Chlorella phosphorylase: the glucan specificity and effect of temperature. Phytochemistry, 22, 2395-2399.
Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; Chlorophyceae; phosphorylase; photosynthesis; starch; temperature
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(83)80126-5

Nakamura, Y. 1983 Change in molecular weight distribution in starch when degraded at different temperatures in Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Sci. Lett., 30, 259-265.
Keywords: Chlorella; photosynthetic CO2 fixation; starch metabolism; temperature
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(83)90164-5

Nakamura, Y. & Imamura, M. 1983 Change in properties of starch when photosynthesized at different temperature in Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Sci. Lett., 31, 123-131.
Keywords: Chlorella; photosynthetic CO2 fixation; starch metabolism; temperature
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(83)90048-2

Nakamura, Y. & Imamura, M. 1983 Characteristics of a-glucan phosphorylase from Chlorella vulgaris. Phytochemistry, 22, 835-840.
Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; Chlorophyceae; phospholyrase; starch; ADP-glucose; UDP-glucose
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(83)85008-0

Nakamura, Y. & Miyachi, S. 1982 Changes in starch photosynthesized at different temperature in Chlorella. Plant Sci. Lett., 27, 1-6.
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(82)90065-7

Matumura, H., Muto, S., Miyachi, S. 1982 Light-induced conversion of NAD+ to NADP+ in Chlorella cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 679, 300-307.
Strain(s): 21602161 
DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90300-0

Nakamura, Y. & Miyachi, S. 1982 Effect of temperature on starch degradation in Chlorella vulgaris 11h cells. Plant Cell Physiol., 23, 333-341.
Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; CO2 fixation; starch; sucrose; temperature (starch degradation)
Strain(s): 2160 

Yamada, T. & Sakaguchi, K. 1981 Protoplast induction in Chlorella species. Agric. Biol. Chem., 45, 1905-1909.
Strain(s): 6852160216521702189 
DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.45.1905

Tsuzuki, M., Muto, S., Miyachi, S. 1981 Role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis of higher plants: A possible limiting step in CO2 transport. In Photosynthesis. VI. Regulation of Carbon Metabolism, Ed. by Akoyunoglou, G., Balaban International Science Services, Philadelphia, pp. 483-492.
Strain(s): 2160 

Shiraiwa, Y., Fakler, J., Miyachi, S. 1981 Factors controlling carbonic anhydrase activity in Chlorella vulgalis 11h. In Photosynthesis. VI. Regulation of Carbon Metabolism, Ed. by Akoyunoglou, G., Balaban International Science Services, Philadelphia, pp. 493-499.
Strain(s): 2160 

Miyachi, S. & Tsuzuki, M. 1981 Carbonic anhydrase and carbon uptake in photosynthesis of green algae and terrestrial C3 plants. In Proceedings of the First Binational Joint-Symposium under Japan-Australia Cooperative Science Programme "Integration of Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism as Basis of Plant Productivity", pp. 15-18.
Strain(s): 2160 

Miyachi, S., Kamiya, A., Miyachi, S. 1980 Effects of blue light on respiration and non-photosynthetic CO2 fixation in Chlorella 11 h cells. In The Blue Light Syndrome, Ed. by Senger, H., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 321-328.
Strain(s): 2160 

Miyachi, S. & Miyachi, S. 1980 Effects of ammonia on carbon metabolism in photosynthesizing Chlorella vulgaris 11h: the replacement of blue light by ammonium ion. In The Blue Light Syndrome, Ed. by Senger, H., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 429-434.
Strain(s): 2160 

Tsuzuki, M., Shiraiwa, Y., Miyachi, S. 1980 Role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis in Chlorella derived from kinetic analysis of 14CO2 fixation. Plant Cell Physiol., 21, 677-688.
Keywords: carbonic anhydrase; Chlorella; CO2 fixation; kinetic analysis; photosynthesis
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076042

Nakamura, Y. & Miyachi, S. 1980 Effects of temperature and CO2 concentration on photosynthetic CO2 fixation by Chlorella. Plant Cell Physiol., 21, 765-774.
Keywords: Chlorella; CO2 fixation; glucose-polymer; glycolate; sucrose; temperature
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076051

Nakamura, Y. & Miyachi, S. 1980 Effects of temperature on glycolate metabolism in Chlorella. Plant Cell Physiol., 21, 1541-1549.
Keywords: Chlorella; CO2 fixation; glucose-polymer; glycolate; sucrose; temperature
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/21.8.1541

Miyachi, S. & Shiraiwa, Y. 1979 Form of inorganic carbon utilized for photosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris 11h cells. Plant Cell Physiol., 20, 341-348.
Keywords: carbon dioxide fixation; carbonic anbydrase; Chlorella; photosynthesis; transport of CO2
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a075818

Tsuzuki, M. & Miyachi, S. 1979 Effects of CO2 concentration during growth and of ethoxyzolamide on CO2 compensation point in Chlorella. FEBS Lett., 103, 221-223.
Strain(s): 2160 

Hogetsu, D. & Miyachi, S. 1979 Role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthetic CO2 fixation in Chlorella. Plant Cell Physiol., 20, 747-756.
Keywords: carbonic anhydrase; Chlorella; CO2 fixation; photosynthesis; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
Strain(s): 2160 
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a075865

Miyachi, S., Kamiya, S., Miyachi, S. 1977 Wavelength-effect of incident light on carbon metabolish in Chlorella cells. In Biological Solar Energy Conversion, Eds. by Mitsui, A. et al., Academic Press, New York, pp. 167-182.
Strain(s): 21602162 

Miyachi, S., Hogetsu, D., Miyachi, S. 1977 Effect of environmental factors on photosynthetic carbon metabolism. In Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation and Photorespiration, Eds. by Vaklinova, S. G. et al., Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, pp. 15-30.
Strain(s): 2160 

Nakamura, Y. & iyachi, S. 1977 Conversion of glucose-polymer to sucrose in Chlorella induced by high temperature. In Biological Solar Energy Conversion, Eds. by Mitsui, A. et al., Academic Press, New York, pp. 203-212.
Strain(s): 2160 

Hogetsu, D. & Miyachi, S. 1977 Effects of CO2 concentration during growth on subsequent photosynthetic CO2 fixation. Plant Cell Physiol., 18, 347-352.
Strain(s): 2160 

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